BHP Group Limited moving upThe price is hovering above 47 012 with multiple rejections to the above side of that level creating a push to the up side on the stock next level on the chart plan your entry and grow your Portfolio Shortby SMR_Analytics1
Our opinion on the current state of BHP(BHG)BHP is a global commodities company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, with operations focused on minerals, oil, and gas. It employs approximately 62,000 people, primarily in the Americas and Australia. The company produces copper, iron, coal, oil, and gas, and holds significant stakes in some of the world's most prominent mining and resource projects. BHP owns 57.5% of the Escondida mine in Chile, one of the largest copper producers globally, which also produces gold and silver. In Peru, it has a 33.75% interest in Antamina, which produces copper and zinc. Additionally, it owns 100% of Pampa Norte, a copper cathode producer in Chile's Atacama Desert. In Brazil, it holds a 50% stake in Samarco, which produces iron ore, and a one-third interest in Cerrejon, an open-pit coal mine in Colombia. The company also has mineral rights in Saskatchewan, Canada, home to one of the world's largest undeveloped potash deposits. In Australia, it owns Olympic Dam, one of the world's largest copper, uranium, and gold ore bodies, as well as Western Australia Iron Ore (WAIO), a system of five mines connected by over 1,000 km of railway. BHP's Australian coal assets include Queensland Coal, comprising the Mitsubishi Alliance and Mitsui Coal, and the Mt. Arthur open-pit coal mine in New South Wales. Additionally, it owns Nickel West, a nickel operation with smelters, concentrators, and a refinery. In petroleum, BHP owns high-quality resources in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, and Trinidad and Tobago. In its results for the six months to 31st December 2023, the company reported revenue up 6% and headline earnings per share (HEPS) down 48%. The tangible net asset value (NAV) per share was $8.68, compared to $8.91 in the prior period. The company stated, "At our Western Australia Iron Ore operations, we remain the lowest-cost major producer globally and in copper we set new production records at our operations in South Australia and Chile. In South Australia, our consolidated copper province has performed strongly and we are pursuing future growth options. In Canada, we’ve sanctioned Jansen Stage 2, which will almost double our planned potash production capacity. We’ve seen volatility in global commodity prices and demand in the developed world has been softer than expected. That said, China demand is healthy despite weakness in housing and India remains a bright spot." In a report for the three months to 30th September 2024, BHP reported strong production growth across all major commodities, with copper production up 4% due to higher grades and recoveries at Escondida, and WAIO production up 3%. On 25th April 2024, BHP announced a share offer for the entire issued share capital of Anglo American, contingent on Anglo unbundling Amplats and Kumba. This offer was rejected by Anglo, as were two subsequent improved offers, but negotiations continue. The offer could potentially spark a bidding war with Rio Tinto and Glencore. In an operations update for the six months to 31st December 2024, the company reported copper volumes up 10% and steelmaking coal up 14%. BHP stated, "We are well positioned to continue strong momentum into the second half with a number of assets now expected to deliver production in the upper half of their respective ranges, while maintaining tight cost control." BHP is a diversified international mining company that is directly impacted by commodity prices and any recovery in the global economy. The share experienced steady growth following the upward turn of the commodity cycle in January 2016 but saw a sharp decline during the coronavirus pandemic, forming a V-bottom in March 2020. It subsequently resumed its strong upward trend but has been pressured by falling commodity prices since the start of 2024. While it remains in a long-term upward trend, it is a volatile commodity share subject to market cycles.by PDSnetSA0
The Real BHP ChartAccidentally posted an FMG under a BHP chart, here is the BHP chart analysis breakdown. Still got a pull back predicted to occur, although the chart is looking surprisingly bullshit, i am curious to see whether it will pull back to one of these zones first. Although there is a potential for a ABC/ Double bottom pattern to have already formed here. I am still suspected a liquidity sweep to one of the below levels, followed by a bounce and Price to take off again, pending volume and worldly events. We are on the cusp of War, so, anything can happen at this point. All so, important to note, The australian materials sector has broken down and out of a very bullish upward channel, sitting on a pivot point right now. Can swing either way. Worth keeping an eye on. All the best. by TheyCallMeNova221
Our opinion on the current state of BHP(BHG)BHP is a global commodities company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, with operations in minerals, oil, and gas, and employing around 62,000 people, mostly in the Americas and Australia. The company is involved in producing a wide range of resources, including copper, iron ore, coal, oil, and gas. Key assets of BHP include: - **Escondida** (57.5% ownership) in Chile, one of the world's largest copper producers, also producing gold and silver. - **Antamina** (33.75% ownership) in Peru, producing copper and zinc. - **Pampa Norte** (100% ownership) in Chile, producing copper cathode in the Atacama Desert. - **Samarco** (50% ownership) in Brazil, producing iron ore. - **Cerrejón** (one-third interest) in Colombia, an open-cut coal mine. - **Saskatchewan** mineral rights in Canada, holding one of the world’s largest unexploited potash deposits. - **Olympic Dam** in Australia, which is one of the world's largest copper, uranium, and gold ore bodies. - **Western Australia Iron Ore** (WAIO), a network of five mines linked by over 1,000 km of railways. - **Queensland Coal**, which includes Mitsubishi Alliance and Mitsui Coal. - **Mt. Arthur** open-pit coal mine in New South Wales. - **Nickel West** in Australia, a nickel mine with smelting and refining capabilities. - In petroleum, BHP holds resources in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, Trinidad, and Tobago. In its results for the six months ending 31st December 2023, BHP reported a 6% increase in revenue but a 48% drop in headline earnings per share (HEPS). The company’s tangible net asset value (NAV) was $8.68 per share, compared to $8.91 in the previous period. BHP emphasized its status as the lowest-cost producer of iron ore at its WAIO operations and highlighted record copper production at its South Australia and Chile operations. Additionally, it approved Jansen Stage 2 in Canada, which will nearly double its planned potash production capacity. The company noted commodity price volatility and softer-than-expected demand in developed markets, although China’s demand remained healthy despite housing market weakness, and India emerged as a strong performer. For the three months ending 30th September 2024, BHP reported a strong start to the 2025 financial year, with increased production across major commodities: copper production was up 4% due to higher grades and recoveries at Escondida, and WAIO production was up 3%. BHP’s share price has been in a long-term upward trend since the commodity cycle turned positive in January 2016. However, it has been affected by falling commodity prices since early 2024. While the share remains volatile due to its exposure to commodity prices, it continues to be supported by its diversified asset base. On 25th April 2024, BHP announced a share offer for the entire issued share capital of Anglo American, with the condition that Anglo unbundle its holdings in Amplats and Kumba. Anglo rejected the offer as well as two subsequent improved offers. Negotiations are ongoing, and this development could spark a bidding war with competitors like Rio Tinto and Glencore.by PDSnetSA0
BHP, Rio Tinto (commodities): Highly exposed to the prices of miBHP, Rio Tinto (commodities): Highly exposed to the prices of minerals and metals (iron, copper, coal). Their performance is closely tied to global demand, particularly in China. Rewards Trading at 27.1% below our estimate of its fair value Earnings are forecast to grow 4.76% per year Risk Analysis Profit margins (14.1%) are lower than last year (23.8%) Dividend of 5.17% is not well covered by earningsLongby Maximus200001
Our opinion on the current state of BHP(BHG)BHP is a global commodities company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, with a workforce of 62,000 primarily based in the Americas and Australia. The company processes a diverse range of minerals, oil, and gas, including copper, iron ore, coal, oil, and gas. BHP owns significant interests in several major mining operations worldwide: - **Escondida Mine** (Chile): BHP holds a 57.5% stake in this mine, which is one of the world's largest producers of copper and also yields gold and silver. - **Antamina Mine** (Peru): BHP owns 33.75% of this mine, which produces copper and zinc. - **Pampa Norte** (Chile): This operation produces copper cathode in the Atacama Desert. - **Samarco** (Brazil): BHP holds a 50% stake in this iron ore production operation. - **Cerrejon** (Colombia): BHP owns one-third of this open-cut coal mine. - **Saskatchewan (Canada)**: BHP holds mineral rights to one of the world's largest unexploited potash deposits. - **Olympic Dam** (Australia): This site hosts one of the largest ore bodies for copper, uranium, and gold globally. - **Western Australia Iron Ore**: A system of five mines connected by more than 1000km of railways. - **Queensland Coal**: This includes the Mitsubishi Alliance and Mitsui Coal. - **Mt. Arthur Coal Mine** (New South Wales): An open-pit coal mine. - **Nickel West** (Australia): A nickel mining and processing operation. - **Petroleum Resources**: High-quality resources in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, Trinidad, and Tobago. In its results for the six months to 31st December 2023, BHP reported a 6% increase in revenue but a 48% decline in headline earnings per share (HEPS). The company's tangible net asset value (NAV) per share was $8.68, slightly down from $8.91 in the previous period. The company highlighted strong production records at its copper operations in South Australia and Chile, and noted progress in the Jansen Stage 2 project in Canada, which will nearly double its planned potash production capacity. Despite volatility in global commodity prices and softer-than-expected demand in the developed world, demand from China remains healthy, and India is seen as a bright spot. For the nine months to 31st March 2024, BHP remained on track to meet its production targets for copper, iron ore, and energy coal. Copper volumes increased by 10%, driven by strong performance and additional production from South Australia, record year-to-date output from Spence, and improved grades and production at Escondida. In its operational review for the year ending 30th June 2024, BHP reported a strong performance across its copper business, with the highest production in four years at Escondida and another record year at Spence. As a diversified international mining company, BHP is directly impacted by commodity prices and global economic recovery. The share price has been on a long-term upward trend since the commodity cycle turned upwards in January 2016 but experienced a sharp decline with the coronavirus pandemic. It recovered strongly post-March 2020, continuing its upward trend but facing pressures from falling commodity prices since early 2024. On 25th April 2024, BHP announced a share offer for the entire issued share capital of Anglo American, contingent on Anglo unbundling Amplats and Kumba. The offer was initially rejected by Anglo, followed by two further improved offers, with negotiations still ongoing. This bid might spark a bidding war with other industry giants such as Rio Tinto and Glencore.by PDSnetSA0
Our opinion on the current state of BHP(BHG)BHP is a global commodities company based in Melbourne, Australia, with a workforce of 62,000 employees predominantly in the Americas and Australia. It is engaged in the extraction and processing of minerals, oil, and gas. BHP's extensive operations include ownership stakes in some of the world's leading mineral resources. BHP owns a significant 57.5% of the Escondida mine in Chile, one of the largest copper producers globally, which also yields gold and silver. It has a 33.75% stake in Antamina in Peru, known for its copper and zinc production. It fully owns Pampa Norte, which produces copper cathode in Chile's Atacama Desert. In Brazil, BHP holds a 50% share in Samarco, an iron ore producer, and a one-third interest in the Cerrejon coal mine in Colombia. In Canada, BHP holds mineral rights in Saskatchewan, home to one of the largest unexploited potash deposits globally. In Australia, it owns the Olympic Dam, one of the largest bodies of copper, uranium, and gold ore in the world, and Western Australia Iron Ore, a system of five mines connected by over 1000km of railway lines. Additionally, BHP owns Queensland Coal, which includes the Mitsubishi Alliance and Mitsui Coal, and the Mt. Arthur coal mine in New South Wales. Its Nickel West operation in Australia includes a nickel mine with smelters, concentrators, and a refinery. In the petroleum sector, BHP possesses high-quality resources in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, Trinidad, and Tobago. For the six months ending on 31st December 2023, BHP reported a revenue increase of 6% but saw a significant drop in headline earnings per share (HEPS) by 48%. The company's tangible net asset value (NAV) decreased slightly from $8.91 to $8.68 per share. BHP highlighted strong performances at its iron ore operations in Western Australia and record copper production in South Australia and Chile. The company is also expanding its potash production capacity in Canada, illustrating its strategic growth initiatives. Despite global commodity price volatility and varied demand across different markets, BHP noted healthy demand from China and a strong market in India. As of the nine-month report to 31st March 2024, BHP remains on track to meet its annual production targets for copper, iron ore, and energy coal, with copper volumes increasing by 10%. The share price trajectory of BHP has been influenced by broader economic factors, including the commodity cycle. Since a sharp decline at the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the share price had been on an upward trend until early 2024 when it faced challenges from falling commodity prices. On 25th April 2024, BHP announced a significant move in making a share offer for the entire issued share capital of Anglo American, contingent on the unbundling of Amplats and Kumba. This strategic attempt could potentially initiate a bidding war with major industry players such as Rio Tinto and Glencore, highlighting BHP’s active role in industry consolidation. BHP's portfolio, marked by its diversity and scale, positions it uniquely in the mining sector, though it remains susceptible to the inherent volatilities of the commodity markets. This backdrop frames BHP as a potentially lucrative yet fluctuating investment option, reflective of the dynamic nature of the global commodities industry.by PDSnetSA0
Our opinion on the current state of BHP(BHG)BHP Group, headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, stands as one of the largest and most diversified global commodities companies. With operations primarily in the Americas and Australia, BHP employs around 62,000 people and engages in the production of essential commodities such as copper, iron ore, coal, oil, and gas. Among its notable assets, BHP holds a 57.5% stake in the Escondida mine in Chile, the world's largest copper producer, which also yields gold and silver. It also owns significant shares in other major mining operations such as the Antamina mine in Peru, producing copper and zinc, and the 100% owned Pampa Norte, which produces copper cathode in Chile's Atacama Desert. In Brazil, BHP owns 50% of the Samarco mine, known for its iron ore production. It also holds a one-third interest in the Cerrejon coal mine in Colombia, one of the largest open-cut coal mines in the world. In Canada, BHP holds rights to one of the world's largest unexploited potash deposits in Saskatchewan. BHP's Australian operations are extensive, including the Olympic Dam, one of the largest deposits of copper, uranium, and gold globally. The Western Australia Iron Ore operation consists of a network of five mines connected by over 1,000 kilometers of railway, reinforcing its status as a major player in the iron ore market. Additionally, BHP owns Queensland Coal, which includes the Mitsubishi Alliance and Mitsui Coal, and the Mt. Arthur open-pit coal mine in New South Wales. Its Nickel West operation in Australia includes a fully integrated mine with smelters, concentrators, and a refinery. In the petroleum sector, BHP possesses high-quality resources in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, Trinidad, and Tobago, which complements its solid minerals portfolio. For the six months ending on 31st December 2023, BHP reported a revenue increase of 6% despite a 48% drop in headline earnings per share (HEPS). The company's tangible net asset value (NAV) slightly decreased from $8.91 to $8.68 per share. BHP noted operational highlights, including record production in copper at its operations in South Australia and Chile, and strong performance in Western Australia's iron ore sector. Furthermore, BHP is expanding its potash production capacity in Canada, illustrating its ongoing strategic growth initiatives. Looking at the nine months to 31st March 2024, BHP remains on track to meet its production targets for copper, iron ore, and energy coal. This reflects robust performance and favorable ore grades, particularly highlighted by increased copper volumes from operations in South Australia and Chile. BHP's performance is intricately linked to global commodity prices, making its shares subject to significant volatility. Despite this, the company has shown resilience, managing to recover from the impacts of the coronavirus pandemic with a strong upward trend in its share price since March 2020, though it has faced challenges with falling commodity prices starting in 2024. As a major player in the global commodities market, BHP's fortunes are closely tied to the overall health of the global economy, with specific attention to demand from regions like China and India. As such, while BHP is positioned for long-term growth, investors should be mindful of the inherent volatility associated with the commodities sector.by PDSnetSA0
BHP: March 6, 2024(ASX) BHP Group || March 6, 2024 Master of Elliott Wave Analysis: Shane Hua (CEWA-M) (Left chart) The broader context (Daily chart) indicates that it seems the preceding Five-waves pattern has concluded, and you can see that wave ((v))-circle-green ended at 50.84. Following that, there was a downward price action, suggesting that the target of this decline could be lower. However, it belongs to a higher Degree while I want to focus on price actions more relevant to the current context. Therefore, I find that the current decline could extend lower. Overall, I can count waves and observe that wave (iii)-purple continues to decline, with its subdivisions having waves i,ii,iii,iv-blue, potentially indicating the next leg of the decline with wave v. Generally, the target of this decline could be lower than 42.61 as long as the price remains below the 47.81 level, thus maintaining this decline. (Right chart) Upon careful consideration of the short-term outlook (4H chart), you can delve into the details of their subdivisions. It can be seen that wave iv-blue appears to have ended, so if this is correct, I would expect wave v-blue to be ready to decline lower, as long as the price remains consistently below the low of 45.70, because one of the rules of the Impulse wave is that the fourth wave should not end in the price territory of the first wave. I am simply maximizing the use of Elliott Wave Principle rules to identify crucial levels to know when I am wrong. Additionally, there is still an alternative wave count (ALT), so keep track of the decline from the high of 47.81 down to the current low labeled as wave iii-blue, this entire movement being wave i-blue of wave (iii)-purple. Then, the price action will begin to rise further, and you can use the low at 45.70 again to determine if the wave count for the decline has become incorrect when the price action rises above that level.Shortby ShaneHuaUpdated 3
BHG: speculative long?A price action above 55200 supports a bullish trend direction. Crossing above its 200-day will act as further bullish support. Increase long exposure for a break above 56400. The target price is set at 58300 (its 50% Fibonacci retracement level). The stop-loss is set at 53200. The trade idea is regarded as a high-risk speculative trading opportunity.Longby Peet_Serfontein0
Our opinion on the current state of BHGBHP, headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, stands as a global leader in the commodities sector, engaging in the processing of minerals, oil, and gas. With a workforce of 62,000 employees primarily based in the Americas and Australia, BHP's extensive operations encompass the production of copper, iron, coal, oil, and gas. The company's significant assets include the Escondida mine in Chile, known for being one of the world's largest copper producers; the Antamina mine in Peru, producing copper and zinc; and the Pampa Norte operation in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile, known for copper cathode production. Further expanding its diverse portfolio, BHP holds interests in the Samarco mine in Brazil for iron ore production, a one-third interest in the Cerrejon coal mine in Colombia, and mineral rights in Saskatchewan, Canada, which contains one of the largest unexploited potash deposits globally. In Australia, its operations include the Olympic Dam, one of the largest ore bodies globally, Western Australia Iron Ore, Queensland Coal, the Mt. Arthur coal mine in New South Wales, and Nickel West. In the petroleum sector, BHP owns high-quality resources in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, Trinidad, and Tobago. For the six months ending on 31st December 2023, BHP reported a 6% increase in revenue, although headline earnings per share (HEPS) saw a significant decrease of 48%. The tangible net asset value (NAV) slightly decreased from $8.91 to $8.68 per share. Highlighting its operational excellence, BHP noted record copper production in South Australia and Chile, alongside strong performance in its consolidated copper province in South Australia. The company also sanctioned Jansen Stage 2 in Canada to nearly double its planned potash production capacity. Despite global commodity price volatility and softer demand in developed countries, BHP noted healthy demand from China and identified India as a promising market. As a diversified international mining company, BHP's financial health and share performance are closely tied to commodity prices and the global economy's state. The share price trajectory of BHP has mirrored the broader commodity cycle, with a steady rise since January 2016, a sharp decline at the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, and a subsequent recovery. However, the start of 2024 has seen a downturn in response to falling commodity prices. While BHP remains in a long-term upward trend, its status as a commodity share subjects it to significant volatility, reflective of the broader economic and market conditions.by PDSnetSA2
Our opinion on the current state of BHGBHP is a world-wide commodities company with its headquarters in Melbourne, Australia. It processes minerals, oil and gas and it has 62000 employees, mostly in the Americas and Australia. It produces copper, iron, coal, oil, and gas. BHP owns 57,5% of the Escondida mine in Chile which is one of the world's largest copper producers and also produces some gold and silver. It owns 33,75% of Antamina in Peru which produces copper and zinc. It owns 100% of Pampa Norte which produces copper cathode in the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. It owns 50% of Samarco in Brazil which produces iron ore and a one third interest in Cerrejon in Colombia which produces coal from an open-cut coal mine. It owns mineral rights in Saskatchewan in Canada which contains one of the world's largest unexploited potash deposits. In Australia, BHP owns Olympic Dam which is one of the world's largest copper, uranium, and gold ore bodies. It also owns Western Australia Iron Ore which is a system of five mines connected by more than 1000km of railway lines. It owns Queensland Coal which comprises the Mitsubishi Alliance and Mitsui Coal. It also owns the Mt. Arthur open-pit coal mine in New South Wales. It owns Nickel West which is a nickel mine with smelters, concentrators, and a refinery. In the petroleum field it owns high quality resources in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, Trinidad, and Tobago. In its results for the year to 30th June 2023 the company reported revenue down 17% and headline earnings per share (HEPS) down 42%. The company said, "Revenue decreased US$11.3 bn due to significantly lower prices in key commodities. We managed the impact of inflation on costs well relative to our competitors. Underlying attributable profit (which adjusts FY22 for discontinued operations of US$10.7bn) reduced by 37% to US$13.4bn." In an operational update on the first quarter the company said, "First quarter operational performance was highlighted by a 11% uplift in copper production from the previous year". In the half year to 31st December 2023 the company reported copper production up 7% and nickel production up 4%. The company said, "FY24 production guidance ranges remain unchanged for all assets with the exception of BMA which has been lowered to between 23 and 25 Mt (46 - 50 Mt at 100%) excl. Blackwater and Daunia from the expected sale completion date of 2 April 2024." This is a diversified international mining company which is impacted directly by commodity prices and hence from any recovery in the world economy. The share was rising steadily since the commodity cycle turned upwards in January 2016 but fell sharply into a V-bottom with the coronavirus pandemic. After March 2020 it continued its strong upward trend, but has succumbed to falling commodity prices since February 2023. It remains a volatile commodity share. by PDSnetSA1
#BHG BHP - Previous resistance now support?This chart does not need much explanation. Previous resistance turning into support = change of polarity. Watch BHG here as a reversal off this R566-R568 level could turn out to be a nice buy with the opportunity to use a fairly tight stop loss. This is where we also find the 61.8 fib retracement of the most recent swing highs and lows.Longby MarcoOlevano3
BHP GroupKeeping an eye on JSE:BHG in anticipation of a breakout. It's been trading in a range for the year, a breakout might push the price higher.by Trend_Trader_JSE3
BHP ShortI am learning some price action. Trying to get used to how price moves. This idea is about shorting the top of the range to its lows and probably a liquidity grab. There was a market structure break on the daily and the stock failed to make a new high. Expecting the lows to be run. I don't actually have a position on this. This is just an idea. Shortby KalpatinUpdated 4
#BHG Billiton bouncing on crucial support @ R521R521 is evidently horizontal support and the anchored vwap from July 22 lows. It should now attack resistance at R568. Over R568 opens up further upside with a view for new highsLongby MarcoOlevano2
BHP a few dollars down then bounceBHP loves to range between these two blue horizontals. I tend to add around the lower bar and just hold this long-term.Shortby Apollo_21mil0
BHP Group LongBHP long position. Market touched a lower Lin Reg and below MACD on H4. Confirmation on H1 to take long position with 2 TP. Tp1 at $59.30 and 2nd at $63.95. SL at $54.39. To get better TP/SL RATIO - I split the opening position 60%(market price)/40%(I am waiting until BHP Price slides to $55.64) Warning!!!! This content should not be interpreted as financial advice Longby VL74Updated 1
BHG Facing HeadwindsBHG finds itself in a rising wedge, price recently struck support where it shows intention of a cycle low. As it tries to move up there is blue horizontal resistance with median of Pitchfork not further up. To confirm a cycle low price must close above the blue downward slopping resistance and 10DMA, if it meets this & turns down going lower than R544.01 means the cycle has turned bearish with price objective the green support of channel.Shortby runyamhereUpdated 0
BHP - Symmetrical Triangle (Bull)Symmetrical triangle identified within the broader bull market. Could we see another upwards movement in price akin to the previous occurrence above $50? ASX:BHP Longby WarrenBullffett3
BHG: Time Increasingly Favours a CorrectionBHG has tried to reach the upper resistance (black line), however it ends the week with a swing high in week 29. It is reaching a time where it must trend downwards. It is currently caught between a parallel channel trendline where it found support. If it is forced back into the channel, then it becomes a good short entry expecting price to move towards the lower channel support. By then the 200 week moving average would be near the support line giving a good place for a bounce. NB: BHG left a gap on 10 November 2022, price would have an interest to close that gap on its way down. Shortby runyamhereUpdated 1