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Shortselling

Short Sellers: Liquidity Providers or Market Disruptors?█ Understanding Short Sellers: Liquidity Providers or Market Disruptors? Short sellers often have a controversial reputation, viewed by many as market manipulators who profit from falling stock prices. However, recent research sheds light on an unexpected and valuable role they play: providing liquidity to the market, especially during critical moments like news releases. Let’s break down this concept in a way that’s approachable for everyone while maintaining the insights of the academic findings. █ What Is Short Selling? In simple terms, short selling is a trading strategy where an investor borrows shares of a stock, sells them, and hopes to buy them back later at a lower price to pocket the difference. While this might sound straightforward, it’s a high-risk activity because the potential losses are unlimited if the stock price rises instead of falling. For long-term investors, the goal is usually to buy strong companies that will grow over time, benefiting from compounding returns and supporting broader economic growth. On the other hand, short selling tends to attract risk-seekers who aim to profit from price declines. Unfortunately, many inexperienced short sellers get burned by the complexities of market dynamics, including the balance of supply and demand for liquidity. █ Why Is Short Selling Important? Despite the risks, short sellers are essential to the financial markets. They help correct overpriced stocks and bring balance to valuations, contributing to more accurate pricing. Moreover, they provide critical insights during times of market euphoria or uncertainty. One example of their importance is the role of short sellers during events like the “short squeezes” in GameStop or Volkswagen. These situations occur when a stock’s price skyrockets, often fueled by retail traders or unexpected news, forcing short sellers to buy back shares at higher prices. While dramatic, such events highlight the complex interaction between short selling and market liquidity. █ A Fresh Perspective: Short Sellers as Liquidity Providers Traditional thinking often casts short sellers as aggressive traders who demand liquidity—placing orders that consume existing bids or offers in the market. However, a recent study challenges this view, showing that some short sellers do the opposite: they provide liquidity. Using transaction-level data, the study reveals that informed short sellers strategically supply liquidity by posting and maintaining limit orders. These orders help stabilize markets, especially during volatile periods like news days. This behavior contrasts with the common perception of short sellers as disruptive forces, instead positioning them as contributors to market efficiency. █ Key Findings from the Research The research, titled Stealthy Shorts: Informed Liquidity Supply, presents several critical insights: ⚪ Liquidity-Supplying vs. Liquidity-Demanding Short Sales: Liquidity-supplying short sellers place limit orders, offering to sell shares at specific prices. Liquidity-demanding short sellers use market orders, which take the best available prices. The study found that liquidity-supplying short sales are more predictive of future stock returns than liquidity-demanding ones. ⚪ Predictive Power of Liquidity-Supplying Shorts: Stocks with high levels of liquidity-supplying short sales underperform those with low levels over a 21-day holding period. This pattern suggests that these short sellers have a long-term informational edge. ⚪ Impact on Price Discovery: By providing liquidity, these short sellers help narrow bid-ask spreads, making it easier for other investors to enter or exit positions at favorable prices. ⚪ Informed Trading: Liquidity-supplying short sellers often act on information not yet fully reflected in stock prices. For example, they are particularly active and accurate around news days when fresh information enters the market. █ Implications for Investors and Regulators The findings challenge regulators and market participants to rethink their views on short sellers. While short selling is often criticized for its potential to destabilize markets, this study highlights a more nuanced role: informed short sellers contribute to market liquidity and efficiency. For everyday investors, this means that short sellers aren’t just betting against companies but also helping ensure that stock prices reflect their true value over time. █ Takeaways for Beginners If you’re new to investing, here’s what you should know: Short selling is risky and generally not recommended for beginners. The potential for unlimited losses makes it a strategy better suited for experienced traders. Short sellers play a vital role in financial markets by helping correct mispricings and improving liquidity. Understanding the mechanics of liquidity supply and demand can provide valuable insights into how markets function. █ Final Thoughts This research highlights the dual role of short sellers, particularly the most informed ones, as both traders and market stabilizers. By offering liquidity and acting on long-lived information, these traders help create more efficient markets, benefiting everyone from retail investors to large institutions. As always, a deeper understanding of market dynamics can empower better investment decisions and help you navigate the complexities of the financial world with confidence. ----------------- Disclaimer This is an educational study for entertainment purposes only. The information in my Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems does not constitute financial advice or a solicitation to buy or sell securities. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information. All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, backtest, or individual's trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on evaluating their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs. My Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems are only for educational purposes!
SP:SPXEducation
by Zeiierman
Mitigating High Risk Long Positions with CoveringStop losses are an, often unwelcome, but ultimately necessary and life saving tactic to day trading. When going long, setting a high stop loss can be beneficial for getting out of bad trades quickly with small losses, and opening yourself up up more opportunities for good trades. Setting a low stop loss on the other hand, can be beneficial by greatly increasing your profit. Many trades that seem bad initially end up rallying and turning profitable. Generally speaking, the lower your stop loss, the higher your percentage of good trades. The downside to a low stop loss of course is that trades take longer, locking your funds up, and what if price actually hits your super low stop loss? You've lost a super amount of money. In my trading career so far, I've preferred a low stop loss. Losing out on a good trade due to a conservative stop loss is more painful to me than the risk presented by a liberal one. But this is a high risk to accept. Losing, say, 20% of my trading capital is definitely something I want to avoid, but not at the cost of a high stop loss. So, I can hedge my position, mitigate my risk, in one of a few ways. I can open a short position when I see my long position go south. Or I can engage in Dollar Cost Averaging: I buy more as the price falls to lower my average position size and ultimately my target profit. These are good options, but come with their own side effects. Opening a short position opens you up to risks associated with a short position, i.e. price suddenly shoots up. And Dollar Cost Averaging requires additional funds to keep buying. What else can I do? Enter "Covering". From Investopedia: "To cover is to take a defensive action to lower the risk exposure of a position" The graph attached here is a demonstration of Covering (the exact spots for buying/selling were picked hastily; this example is purely conceptual and an ideal situation). The basic idea is: when price begins to fall, sell it, just like a stop loss. However, unlike a stop loss, the intention is to buy back in at a lower price when price begins to rise again. This is like dollar cost averaging, because you're, in a sense, lowering your average position size. The difference is you don't need additional funds. This is also like short selling, because you rely on the price continuing to fall, but you haven't borrowed anything in order to benefit from this fall. As you can see in the diagram, as you sell and buy back, the amount of shares/coins/whatever you can afford off your initial capital increases, thus either increasing your profit if the trade hits the profit target, or decreasing your losses if the trade hits your actual stop loss. Here's how Ive been setting up my covers: When price begins to fall, I set a conditional market sell somewhere below the nearest support. If price falls to this level, I immediately sell everything Once I've sold all my shares, I set a trailing stop loss for the cover; I generally do ~1.2%. If, after I sell, price rises 1.2%, I buy back as many shares as I can with the money I got from selling earlier. Ideally, this trailing stop falls well below where I sold. Rinse and repeat until price either hits your original take profit or your original stop loss. Some things to note. Do not buy below your original stop loss! The purpose of this strategy is to respect your original decision, not make new ones . This is meant to mitigate a high risk situation, don't expose yourself to more risk in doing so. Also, you theoretically want to buy back above your original stop loss, even if it looks like it's going to fall through. Make your own call here, but by not buying back, you've essentially just changed where your original stop loss is, and thus changed your original trade decision. Of course, nothing is without its own risks. It's quite possible that you get stopped out for a loss every time you sell, i.e. you sold, price went up, so you buy back at a higher price to stay in the trade. This will eat into your profit if the profit target is eventually hit, or simply add to your losses if the stop loss is hit. From my point of view, that risk is less painful than the risk of hitting a low stop loss without covering. You theoretically give yourself more chances of being right with these micro trades inside of your larger trade, and if you get lucky, as is the case in my diagram, you might actually profit even if your original stop loss is hit. This strategy requires attention, for sure, but if you're both strategic and lucky, you can really save yourself from the downsides of a high risk trade without adding money to the pool, or exposing yourself to short selling risk.
COINBASE:COMPUSDEducation
by tapRoot_coding
1
How to trade a temporary pullback and a breakout gap? How to trade a temporary pullback and a breakout gap? Some security will make a temporary pullback before making a new high with a breakout gap. How to trade a temporary pullback? A trader may be bearish during the temporary pullback formation. A trader may consider going short during this pattern formation or the trader may consider waiting to avoid losses during the price drop. How to trade a breakout gap? A trader may be bullish when a bottom is identified. A trader may consider accumulating shares in anticipation of a breakout. What are some of the reasons one may fail to trade this pattern? Correct identification of the chart pattern is essential to trade this pattern. Not all stocks will pullback before a breakout to a new high. Possibly misidentification of a trend change as a pullback. Possibly a temporary bottom was identified, but the downtrend continued and changed the pattern. Thank you for reading! Greenfield Remember to click "Like" and "Follow!" Disclosure: Article written by Greenfield. A market idea by Greenfield Analysis LLC for educational material only.
NASDAQ:NFLXEducation
by GreenfieldAnalysis
1
Short Selling Put OptionsI’m Markus Heitkoetter and I’ve been an active trader for over 20 years. I often see people who start trading and expect their accounts to explode, based on promises and hype they see in ads and e-mails. They start trading and realize it doesn’t work this way. The purpose of these articles is to show you the trading strategies and tools that I personally use to trade my own account so that you can grow your own account systematically. Real money…real trades. Short Selling Put Options When short selling put options, a question people ask me is, “Okay, Markus, how do you decide what strike price do you want to sell and whether there’s enough premium in there?” I made a put options calculator called “The Wheel Calculator” that I gave away as part of my recent class on selling put options (Theta Kings) that helps me determine just that. This calculator is now also integrated within The PowerX Optimizer Software as well. Using my put options calculator, I can enter a few different figures and it quickly lets me know if this stock makes sense to sell put options on. I started a small account with $25,380, and have continued to grow it substantially. This was all done by selling put premium using my handy put options calculator! So let’s take a look at a few examples using the airlines. Here’s how you can quickly compare if an option makes sense to sell. So United Airlines UAL , at the time of this is trading at $31.08/share. So I’m going to take a look at the April 24th expiration and the $20 strike price. I’m thinking maybe it would be a good idea to sell the $20 United Airlines UAL put option. So now that I have the strike selected that I would like to sell put options on, let’s take a look at the premium these options have. This will let us know if this trade actually makes sense. Right now, the Bid/Ask is $0.74 over $0.87. So I probably can get $0.80 for selling this option. This is all I need to enter in my spreadsheet, along with the expiration. With the needed inputs entered into my handy dandy put options calculator it tells me, “United Airlines can drop 36% and you’ll still be okay.” It has to drop 36% before we get in trouble. I think that’s pretty good odds in my opinion. The cool thing is that it also says that based on my account size, I should buy 17 options, and I would collect $1,320 in premium. So this means that per day I would get $110 in premium. That’s not bad at all if I can make $100 on just one position. And I like to have 4 to 5 positions in my account at any given time. So based on the number of positions I like to have, this means that you can make $400 to $500 per day collecting premium. I like this a lot because it means annualized I would make 87%! 87% is nothing to sneeze at, right? Short Selling Put Options — American Airlines So now let’s do this same thing with another airline, American Airlines AAL , and see how the numbers look. So like we did with UAL , I’m looking at what strike price in relation to where AAL is trading would it make sense to sell. For American Airlines AAL it looks like probably the $8 strike price would make sense right here. You always want to do it below the previously established low. So let’s take a look at American Airlines AAL . The price right now is $12.26. the options strike price, we said we’d probably have to look at is $8. Here we’re able to collect $0.35 per contract at the $8 strike price. And you see, I could actually, since American Airlines is so cheap, buy 41 options based on my account size. So 41 options and I would collect $1,444 in premium. This means I would get $120. That’s not bad at all. And you see, American Airlines AAL also can drop 35% and we would still be OK. We only get in trouble if American Airlines over the next 15 days drops more than 35%. Possible? Yes. This is why you should always be willing to own the stock. And this is why you want to make sure that you’re not getting in trouble. You need to adjust your position size based on your account. Here obviously, I don’t want to trade two airlines because if airlines are crashing, they probably all do. With that said, let’s take a look at Boeing AAL . Boeing Example I like trading Boeing. I'm looking at a Boeing AAL chart to see where might be a good level here to sell Boeing. Based on where AAL is trading at right now, it looks like $100 would be a good level to take a look at. Let’s first try a strike price of $100, shall we? For $100 we get probably a $1.55 right here, with Boeing AAL trading right now at $150. So if we were to sell the $100 put option on AAL , we are looking to make $1.55/contract. And you see, this means that Boeing AAL could drop 33%, so we’re good here. However, we can only buy three options. Why? Because Boeing AAL is really expensive. So if we would have to buy Boeing at $100, this is when it gets expensive, right? So you see, the strike prices here are much, much, much lower. This is where you see I would only trade three not to overextend myself. And that’s very important when you’re selling puts. You want to make sure that you’re not overextending yourself because otherwise, you’ll get margin calls. Margin calls are ugly. A margin call means that your broker tells you, “I want more money.” You want to avoid that at all costs! Because if you don’t have the money, you would have to sell the stock at a price that you don’t want. Usually, this is how you can wipe out an account. Anyhow, you see this is how we would only make $43 a day. Let me ask you, what would you rather make? $110 to $120 per day? Or $43 per day? I don’t know about you, but for me, these are better. So it’s very easy to quickly compare which options you should be trading when you’re selling puts. One of my favorite trading strategies right now is selling puts. This is what you have seen in the past few examples. My goal is to make $400 to $500 per day by doing so. The best days to sell puts is on a down day. On a down day, the VIX is usually shooting up and options premiums are higher. This is exactly what you’re looking for as a premium seller. For experienced options traders, selling put option premium in an environment like this can be a great way to consistently generate income, even if the stock doesn’t do exactly what you want. I hope this helps!
NASDAQ:UALEducation
by rockwelltrading
1
Apple, Warren Buffett, Why Rich People Are Long Term InvestorsShort sellers continue to get rekt by shorting a "Bull Market". Warren Buffett has shown to us time and time again the only way to be rich and be super wealthy is Long Term Investing. Short term traders are not in the top list and will never be, because market timing and trying to short a never ending bull market is a pointless things to do. Eventually market will top and reach the peak of the bubble, the easiest thing to do is to hold cash and put money in something else. Short selling are only for losers.
NASDAQ:AAPLEducation
by UnknownUnicorn735418
2