Selection & how to operateThe obvious part if you've understood all the previous posts.
It's easier to start with how Not to trade .
Wrong - cherry picking "strong" levels. Every level is a level, not better & not worse than another one. Choosing the supposedly strong levels is a subjective thing that reduces expected value & consistency.
Right - operating at each level on a given resolution, you either expect a level to repel prices or to be consumed, you operate accordingly at every level. The more you operate, better for the market, higher your revenues. If there too many levels for you, instead of cherry picking you just move to a lower resolution. Some levels can be effectively skipped because of risk & sizing consideration, but skipping levels an cherry picking levels are 2 completely different mindsets.
Wrong - stopping operation after N loosing trades.
Right - controlling equity as explained in "Sizing & how to manage risk". If you're making loosing trades in a row, you don't stop, you just hit zero size, then you imagine trades or execute on simulator, when your size comes back to a non-zero value you come back to the real account. More you operate - better for the business.
Wrong - waiting for a "confirmation". If you don't have a firm expectation whether a level will repel prices or will be consumed, you don't know what you're doing, read all the posts and understand how it all works.
Right - knowing in advance what you gonna do at each level & keep reevaluating it in real time.
Wrong - making reentries. The activity around levels, especially how levels get cleared, is very well defined. After the scaling in is complete, you either exit at loss/at breakeven when a level gets cleared / positioned in the unexpected side. Or, you scale out while being in the money.
Right - unless there was a mistake caused by a misclick or smth like dat, reentries is an irrelevant concept.
Wrong - working out insurance after the entry.
Right - a hedge should be bought BEFORE scaling in, same goes about placing the stop-losses.
How to operate
Asset selection
Not many people think about it, but it makes sense not only to provide liquidity when & where there's not much of it, but also to consume excessive liquidity when & where there's too much of it, because both cases are unhealthy for the markets. So, we have 2 types of trading instruments then:
1) overquoted ones, such as GE, ZN, or ES many years ago;
2) underquoted ones, such as CL, NQ;
How to distinguish dem?
One way is to take a look at volumes on highest resolution cluster/footprint chart, and compare em with the actual number of bid/asks in the DOM. ZN for example is hugely overquoted, you'll notice that: it has aprox 1000 contract at every bid/ask price, but when these limit orders start to get consumed at one price, the rest orders at the same price just gets cancelled, and you see lesser values on your footprint/cluster chart. The opposite happens on underquoted instruments, they need liquidity.
Why it matters?
You operate the same way on both under and overquoted vehicles, but:
1) on underquoted vehicles you mainly use limit orders, you provide liquidity;
2) on overquoted vehicles you mainly use market orders, you remove liquidity;
Exits at loss vs attempting to get out around breakeven
Both are legit, the latter gives more freedom, but implies not using stop-losses so you have to know 4 sure what's happening and what you're doing.
That's how you trade with stoplosses.
1) In case of trading pops from positioned levels, you simply exit when the support/resistance gets cleared, in case of clearing by price it means you'll have an L, no big deal tho;
2) In case of trading pushes through positioned levels (aka trading clearings aka trading consumptions), same, you're getting an L if you hit the invalidation point. The invalidation point for these trades is the opposite border of the positioning sequence. This border is found the same ways as the front level, just at the opposite side;
3) Trading during a positioning itself. Makes least sense to trade with stop-losses, but in theory: taking an L at the next level past the level you expect to be positioned this or that way. If there is no level past you current level, you try to make a projection, smth like its shown on ZN chart of this post, imagine you were trading positioning of 112'19.
Without stops it's almost the same, it's just instead of taking an immediate loss after an invalidation event, you exit at breakeven when price comes back to the entry zone (in most cases it does). If prices don't go back and hit another level, you simply continue trading there, if that new level you're working with now is supposed to act in the opposite direction from the previous one, you simply reverse your position. If that new level is supposed to work in the same direction as the previous one, you're holding your position further.
This kind of operation assumes very high win rate, low RR ratio and very rare but significant losses. However, if the unexpected happens 2 times in row, chances are the problem is on your side xD
Finally
1) Monitor non-market data in order not to be caught against the momentum surges (eg unless you're a DMM, trading at Jobless Claims release is a BAD IDEA);
2) Pick your main resolution that way you'll be satisfied with the frequency of your operations;
3) Work with all the levels there;
4) Never approach the next level while having a full position, always offload risk on the way, unless you expect the next level to be cleared/positioned in the same direction;
5) Always control risks;
6) Understand that it's all about doing the right thing, and it's totally possible to understand what is right by gaining all the info from all the data.
You should end up trading 100% of positioned levels, trading 50% of positioning processes demselves, and rofl never try to trade smth that looks like "a new level is forming now".
Selection
How to select effective indicators for your strategyNot all indicators are useful: most are not, and some are downright misleading. Previous posts and studies, such as LuxAlgo's(1), determined that effective indicators need to: 1) produce data to support the trader's decision-making process, not substitute it with automated strategies, 2) produce non-redundant infos. But how do you select indicators in practice? Here, I share my own step-by-step process to select effective indicators for your strategy.
My approach is to use a two-stages process: 1) Expansion, 2) Contraction.
This is the same process that happens in our brains when they develop, first there is neuronal and synaptic expansion, creating lots of new connections that are not necessarily efficient, then there is contraction, which weeds out useless, redundant or ineffective connections. Here, the idea is similar.
## Expansion: try all the indicators you want ##
In the first stage, you just try any indicator that sounds like an interesting idea. The way you select the indicators is up to you, either it can be because it sounds like a good idea, or because it's in line with your main strategy (eg, a volatility indicator when your strategy is contrarian).
Whatever criteria you choose, you should:
1) Remain open to new types of indicators potentially outside your main field, as they can broaden your horizons,
2) Remain skeptic of any claims of effectiveness until you test the indicators and see tha they work for yourself (in the second stage: contraction),
3) Study the indicator to understand how it works and why it works. Don't just blindly use an indicator without knowing what it actually represents precisely, otherwise you will get bit by its limitations and false positives at some point in the future, likely when you will have a lot of money on the table to lose!
Once you have selected a set of indicators, or if you have reached the maximum number of indicators you can add in your TradingView plan (as it happens to me!), then you can go to the next step to weed indicators out.
## Contraction: drop everything that isn't directly useful to you##
In the second stage, we will extensively test the indicators for ourselves, on the assets we are interested in, and in others as well, to "field test" them and see if they work in our strategy. Indeed, trading and investment rely on a balance between collecting enough infos and keeping it simple enough (KISS principle(2)) to support our systematic decision-making process, without information overload which can produce decision paralysis.
The contraction/filtering process is more involved than the first stage, because you have to do the manual, dirty work of testing, it takes time, but this is the only way you can see whether the indicator work as intended and that they work for you. No two people will use the same indicator the same way as I explain in another post (3), so bear in mind that some indicators that may not work for someone else may work for you, and inversely an indicator that works for someone else's strategy may not for you, so the popularity of an indicator is no indication of effectiveness.
Here is a step-by-step outline of my process, feel free to add more steps depending on your needs:
1) Signal-to-Noise test: test on weekly and daily. If the indicator can't be reliable, can't produce good signals with low false positives and high true positives on these long timeframes that are much less noisy than shorter timeframes, then they are useless. Some people claim that there are indicators that work exclusively on lower timeframes, I am not trading such smaller timeframes although I can trade down to 15min, so your mileage may vary, but I remain yet to be convinced that this is true.
2) Redundancy test. If you already found a good indicator that works reasonably well for you, then compare any new indicator to this "best" indicator as a benchmark reference point. This will allow to weed out indicators that cannot provide new, non-redundant data. For example, in the chart of this post, I study correlations, which I compare against the signals generated by my RSI+ (alt) indicator which I consider one of my most reliable. Of course, the signal is of a different kind, but it still provides me a reference point as to whether the correlations can provide me with an additional edge or whether I should just stick to using only the RSI+ indicator. In practice, if the new indicator(s) can provide new, non redundant data, as shown by slightly different predictions in different scenarios or maybe a bit earlier, then great, I keep them. If not, for example the indicator does provide reliable info but it would lead me to take the same decisions at the same time, or worse, later than my best indicator, then I remove it.
3) Generalizabiliy test. Test on multiple markets, on mutiple timeframes, to check generalizability: if it doesn't generalize, the model is overfit on one target market's history, and this likely won't even work for the future if this same market, ie, this is an issue often encountered for models made specifically for bitcoin or ethereum.
4) Misleading test. Use bar replay, to check how the indicator behaves in realtime: does it sprout a lot of false positive in realtime, or is it as useful and predictive, or better, in real-time than when used for historical bars? Or worst being repainting indicators rewriting the past, such as pivots or zigzag, they look super accurate aposteriori but it's only because they cheat (see tradingview pinescript fage about that), using bar replay will help you detect them 100% of the time. Bar replay is one of the best tools you have to test indicators, don't underestimate it. Yes, it's time consuming, but it's well worth it, and you'll become quicker and quicker to use it over time with experience. For more information about the different types of repainting indicators, there is an excellent article in the PineScript documentation, it's worth reading even for non-coders(4).
5) Grouping and intra-class comparison. Finally, group indicators on the same study, so you can quickly answer a question eg about volume and volatility, or about market cycles, etc by checking the adequate chart. Otherwise, if you mix indicators between different charts, it will take you longer to analyze and compare the various signals. Also this allows to compare similar indicators between them to see if they really are useful, non-redundant. For example, in the chart above, it's a Correlations grouped study, so I added almost exclusively correlations indicators; while the delta-agnostic and (pearson) correlation coefficient both provide non-redundant infos, Spearman correlation and Kendall correlation indicators are redundant, although they shouldn't (they should capture non-linear relationships, whereas Pearson can only capture linear ones), their results aren't any different in practice with the pearson correlation coefficient in terms of significant signals they generate that would change my decision process, so we could drop two out of these three correlation coefficients, which would unclutter our chart without losing any data.
## Wrapping-up: continually refine your indicators ##
At the end of the day, it's important to continually try to adapt to the markets. Indicators can continue working, while others may fail, or in the end you find them too difficult to use in practice with your strategy. Your strategy may also evolve over time, and so your indicators should too. Don't ever feel attached to your indicators, you can revisit and question their utility at anytime, and you can go through the steps above again, and drop any indicator at anytime, even if they were useful before, what matters is whether they are still useful now.
There is also a next step for those who are open to learn programming: creating your own indicators. Not so much to create unique opportunities, although they might, but to better understand the market. You should view indicators as a way to better understand some facet of the market, indicators answer the specific questions their authors wanted to find an answer for. So by using indicators of other authors, you are reading the solutions to others questions. But you can also form your own questions, and then the next logical step is to develop your own indicators to find your own answers. And hopefully share them under open-source, so that we can all learn together (and this likely won't impact your profitability, to the contrary, as I explain elsewhere!(3)).
In summary, we can quote Bruce Lee, who described a very similar process for his mastery of martial arts as he taught his own named Jeet Kune Do:
"Absorb what is useful, reject what is useless, add what is essentially your own."
I hope this post was useful to you, and if you have an idea of a criterion or a step you use to select indicators that I didn't list above, please share it in the comments!
Enjoy, Trade Safely!
Tartigradia
(1): Technical indicators: what is useful and what isn't , by LuxAlgo
(2): en.wikipedia.org
(3): Why my indicators are open-source, and why yours should be too , by Tartigradia
(4): Repainting — Pine Script™ v5 User Manual v5 documentation
Selecting the Right Broker for You Pt. IIPOTENTIAL SCR*W FACTOR
1. Must have a centralised price feed to insure reliability of quote.
1a. There should be no delays, re-quotes, rejections or manipulations of price.
2. Check fine print of contract for any unfair rules they may impose upon you as a trader.
3. Are there conditions in the broker agreement under which profits can be made void and if yes, what are they?
3a. Price latency arbitrage.
3b. Minimum holding time for trades.
3c. Other?
4. Is there an obvious stop loss hunting practise?
5. Must have a clear policy on margin calls.
5a. How much time is there to deposit extra capital in case of a margin call?
5b. Will they close all open positions when the equity in your margin account falls below the required maintenance level?
5c. Or will they close only enough positions to increase the equity, but not all open positions?
EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT
1. Must have a mobile app with a user-friendly interface, compatible with your mobile device.
2. Must have a pc app with a user-friendly interface, compatible with your pc.
3. Must have a stable and secure execution environment.
3a. Privacy protection policy.
3b. Data encryption.
3c. Secure authentication protocols.
3d. Backup systems and contingency plans.
4. Does it have a link into a charting platform to facilitate chart trading?
CUSTOMER SERVICE
1. Must have a “trade services team” to respond to inquiries / complaints / appeals regarding trades you make.
2. Must have the possibility for immediate access by phone to flatten all of your positions and cancel all orders resting in the market, in case of an emergency.
3. Questions must be handled timely and correctly by customer service.
3a. Is there an immediate channel of communication?
3b. Can you contact them by phone, email and chat?
3c. What hours are they open?
Finally, a list of items I personally find irrelevant and do not include in my decision, but I put them here for completeness, as other traders may find them relevant. Does the broker offer:
-A newsfeed?
-A managed account?
-A charting package?
-A forum to facilitate a trading community?
-Proprietary indicators / analytical tools?
-Market analysis?
-Education in the form of tutorials, guides, webinars, ebooks or trading courses?
-Trade ideas, Signals, EA´s, bots?
-A specific language other than English you are looking for?
-Start bonuses and promotions?
See also "Selecting the Right Broker for You Pt. I". See the link under Related Ideas.
Selecting the Right Broker for You Pt. IBROKER RISK PROFILE
1. Must be regulated by a regulatory authority.
2. Must have a (relatively) clean regulatory record.
3. Must have they been in business for several years.
4. Must have a segregated bank account for holding retail client funds.
5. Must be a member of a compensation fund, which compensates losses (up to a certain amount) in case of insolvency.
6. Must have a negative balance protection policy.
7. Must fulfil capitalization requirements set by the government.
8. Must be a publically traded company.
9. Must have a solid security check in case of withdrawal of capital by customers.
SERVICE PROFILE
1. Must provide an account in the base currency of your choosing.
2. Must be a Non Dealing Desk (NDD) broker.
3. Which currency pairs do they offer?
4. What other instruments do they offer for trading (metals, oil, gold, indices, etc)?
5. Do they allow hedging?
6. Do they allow scalping?
7. Do they offer a mini or micro account?
8. Must offer a free demo account to get familiar with their execution environment.
9. Do they have price alerts (by email, SMS or push notification)?
10. What leverage do they provide?
10a. Can I select the leverage I want per trade?
10b. Or is the leverage automatically set based on equity?
QUALITY OF SERVICE
1. Speed and ease of deposit and withdrawal of capital.
1a. Do any broker fees apply?
2. Speed and ease to open a live account.
3. What is the policy and track record on fills?
4. Does the broker offer guaranteed stops?
4a. Do they guarantee an absolute limit on the potential loss (read: the full risk of slippage is for the broker)?
4b. Is there an extra cost involved (like an additional spread)?
4c. What conditions hold for these guaranteed stops (can I change them or delete them for open trades)?
COSTS OF SERVICE
1. Are the service costs competitive?
1a. Fixed or variable spreads?
1b. How much do spreads widen during news events?
1c. Commissions?
2. What is the roll over during the week and during the weekend?
2a. Are these rates applied to the account weekly or daily?
3. Are there inactivity fees?
4. Do they offer interest on the entire account?
To be continued in "Selecting the Right Broker for You Pt. II". See the link under Related Ideas.