Trade Tension, Weather Shock & the Battle for Global Corn SupplyCorn entered 2025 on a strong note, rising 37% from its multi-year low in August. Strong export demand for U.S. corn and adverse weather in South America supported a longer-term recovery.
Then came the Trump tariffs. Retaliatory measures from China, Canada, and Mexico have driven prices down 9% since February, raising concerns about the future of U.S. corn exports and adding uncertainty to the outlook.
Despite tariff concern, there are persistent bullish drivers which could support prices in the near-term along with the expected increase from seasonality. Investors can express this view using CME’s Micro Agri derivatives suite with the newly launched micro corn futures.
STRONG US EXPORT DEMAND AND BRAZIL DROUGHT
Until August 2024, corn was in a free fall, plunging 50% since early 2023 as agricultural boom faded and market conditions normalized.
Corn price correction was primarily driven by record production in the U.S. and Brazil, resulting in a supply glut.
Data source: USDA PSD
There were concerns that prices may remain low for an extended period, like the 2010s. However, prices sharply rebounded in late-August 2024 reaching 37% higher by February 2025. Spectacular US exports compounded by drought in Brazil drove this stunning price rally.
US Corn exports so far in the marketing year since September have exceeded both the 5-year average as well as the previous year levels. Interestingly, the export momentum has continued even as the dollar has strengthened sharply since October.
Source: USDA ESRQ
The dollar has begun to weaken from its high, with the DXY down 5.6% since January. During this period, buyers have taken the opportunity to stock up on even more US corn.
Another key driver of last year’s rally in corn prices was the severe drought in Brazil . The September-October 2024 drought was the worst since 1950. While there was no direct impact on crops, transportation was significantly disrupted.
Key waterways and ports used for shipping were affected, causing delays and creating a temporary supply shock. This logistical bottleneck led to a sharp short-term price surge. With climate risks rising, adverse weather can no longer be an afterthought.
TARIFFS AND ITS IMPACT ON US PLANTING
The decline in corn prices since February has been driven by trade uncertainties and expectations of strong production.
Following the announcement of tariffs by President Trump, several nations have imposed retaliatory tariffs on U.S. agricultural products, which have historically been key bargaining tools in such disputes.
Trade restrictions may explain the rapid pace of US corn exports. Other nations may be using this opportunity to build sufficient stockpiles in case trade conditions worsen in the future.
Excluding China, stock-to-use ratio is near an all-time-low indicating that a shortage could have negative consequences without reserve inventories to cushion the blow.
Source: Reuters
If trade tensions escalate, corn prices could rise rapidly as buyers increase imports in anticipation of potential disruptions.
Currently, exports remain strong, but market attention is shifting to expectations for the upcoming planting season. The USDA forecasts another bumper year for U.S. corn production.
While total output is expected to decline by 12 million metric tons, higher carryover stocks from last year’s harvest will limit the net supply decrease to just 2 million metric tons for the upcoming marketing year.
Strong production is expected to be driven by a higher yield per acre of 179.3 bushels, which partially offsets a smaller planted area of 90.6 million acres.
HYPOTHETICAL TRADE SETUP
Recent trade tensions and uncertainty are expected to significantly impact U.S. agricultural exports, with major importers either imposing or considering tariffs. This has created a near-term bearish sentiment for corn. However, a broader view reveals a more positive trend.
Currently, U.S. corn exports remain stronger than average as buyers stock up ahead of potential trade disruptions. At the same time, adverse weather in South America continues to pose supply risks, both through shipping delays and potential crop damage. With global corn inventories at multi-decade lows, supply shock risks remain high.
In the near term, investors may consider a bullish stance on corn. Strong U.S. export demand is expected to persist through the end of the month, and the USDA’s Prospective Plantings report at the end of March could provide an additional boost if U.S. corn planting falls below expectations. Seasonal factors also support a bullish view on corn in the near term.
Investors can express this view using CME Group’s comprehensive agricultural derivatives suite. CME offers Corn futures and options as well as the newly launched micro corn futures. Micro corn futures are 1/10th the size of the standard corn futures and provide exposure to 500 bushels and are financially settled making them a useful tool for traders. These contracts are especially useful for precise hedging and fine-tuning exposure.
The Micro Corn futures require maintenance margin of just USD 105 for the May contract as of 19/March. Liquidity was strong at launch for micro corn futures but have thinned out recently.
Investors can deploy the following hypothetical trade setup offering a 2.18x reward to risk ratio. The same view can also be expressed using CME’s standard corn contract which would scale the below P&L by 10x.
• Entry: 456
• Target 480
• Stop Loss: 445
• Profit at Target: USD 120 ((4.80-4.56) x 500 bushels)
• Loss at Stop: USD 55 ((4.45-4.56) x 500 bushels)
• Reward to Risk: 2.18x
MARKET DATA
CME Real-time Market Data helps identify trading set-ups and express market views better. If you have futures in your trading portfolio, you can check out on CME Group data plans available that suit your trading needs tradingview.com/cme .
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