UKX components
The UK 100 INDEX constituents can be found in the table below. Sort UKX stock components by various financial metrics and data such as performance, dividends, income statement and balance sheet.
Symbol | Market cap | Price | Change % | Volume | Rel Volume | P/E | EPS dil TTM | EPS dil growth TTM YoY | Div yield % TTM | Sector | Analyst Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 AZNAstraZeneca PLC | 215.95 B USD | 10,190 GBX | −0.14% | 84.96 K | 0.04 | 26.03 | 5.06 USD | +21.43% | 2.41% | Health technology | Strong buy |
 HSBAHSBC HOLDINGS PLC ORD USD0.50 | 211.05 B USD | 881.2 GBX | −0.41% | 1.34 M | 0.08 | 10.39 | 1.10 USD | −7.40% | 5.77% | Finance | Neutral |
 SHELSHELL PLC ORD EUR0.07 | 210.49 B USD | 2,617.0 GBX | −0.13% | 427.42 K | 0.04 | 15.43 | 2.19 USD | −20.77% | 4.10% | Energy minerals | Buy |
 ULVRUNILEVER PLC ORD GBP0.031111 | 150.29 B USD | 4,482 GBX | −0.13% | 148 K | 0.04 | 23.04 | 2.43 USD | −12.77% | 3.30% | Consumer non-durables | Buy |
 RR.ROLLS ROYCE HOLDINGS ORD GBP0.20 | 110.12 B USD | 953.0 GBX | −0.15% | 873.05 K | 0.03 | 32.02 | 0.37 USD | +3.69% | 0.63% | Electronic technology | Buy |
 BATSBRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO ORD GBP0.25 | 105.42 B USD | 3,541 GBX | +0.31% | 292.14 K | 0.05 | 26.29 | 1.69 USD | — | 6.74% | Consumer non-durables | Buy |
 RIORIO TINTO ORD GBP0.10 | 100.32 B USD | 4,268.0 GBX | −0.65% | 182.82 K | 0.06 | 7.71 | 6.93 USD | +11.60% | 7.19% | Non-energy minerals | Buy |
 RELRELX PLC ORD GBP0.1444 | 97.46 B USD | 3,881 GBX | −0.49% | 98.9 K | 0.04 | 37.66 | 1.29 USD | +10.10% | 1.62% | Commercial services | Buy |
 BP.BP ORD USD0.25 | 80.44 B USD | 377.45 GBX | −0.34% | 2.2 M | 0.05 | — | −0.08 USD | −114.07% | 6.45% | Energy minerals | Neutral |
 LSEGLONDON STOCK EXCHANGE GROUP ORD GBP0.06918604 | 77.48 B USD | 10,690 GBX | −0.88% | 74.05 K | 0.04 | 83.49 | 1.60 USD | −7.29% | 1.21% | Technology services | Strong buy |
 GSKGSK PLC ORD GBP0.3125 | 76.95 B USD | 1,391.0 GBX | −0.22% | 308.19 K | 0.03 | 18.23 | 0.99 USD | −30.14% | 4.45% | Health technology | Neutral |
 BA.BAE SYSTEMS ORD GBP0.025 | 75.05 B USD | 1,865.0 GBX | −0.61% | 251.43 K | 0.03 | 29.11 | 0.80 USD | +5.99% | 1.76% | Electronic technology | Buy |
 NG.NATIONAL GRID ORD GBP0.12431289 | 69.68 B USD | 1,043.0 GBX | +0.14% | 569.96 K | 0.05 | 17.31 | 0.78 USD | +6.20% | 4.49% | Utilities | Buy |
 BARCBARCLAYS PLC ORD GBP0.25 | 64.19 B USD | 330.60 GBX | −0.53% | 2.89 M | 0.08 | 5.82 | 0.73 USD | +110.57% | 2.53% | Finance | Buy |
 LLOYLLOYDS BANKING GROUP ORD GBP0.1 | 61.97 B USD | 75.48 GBX | −0.53% | 11.13 M | 0.09 | — | — | — | 4.18% | Finance | Buy |
 CPGCOMPASS GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.1105 | 58 B USD | 2,479 GBX | −1.00% | 111.88 K | 0.03 | 36.74 | 0.87 USD | −14.67% | 1.93% | Consumer services | Buy |
 DGEDIAGEO PLC ORD GBP0.28 101/108 | 57.99 B USD | 1,908.5 GBX | −0.18% | 201.07 K | 0.04 | 15.13 | 1.58 USD | −11.33% | 4.18% | Consumer non-durables | Buy |
 NWGNATWEST GROUP PLC ORD GBP1.0769 | 53.98 B USD | 485.1 GBX | −0.80% | 2.39 M | 0.07 | 8.34 | 0.75 USD | +29.45% | 4.40% | Finance | Buy |
 III3I GROUP ORD GBP0.738636 | 53.73 B USD | 4,032 GBX | −1.13% | 50.1 K | 0.03 | 7.75 | 6.72 USD | +31.17% | 1.79% | Miscellaneous | Buy |
 GLENGLENCORE PLC ORD USD0.01 | 49.68 B USD | 301.30 GBX | −1.60% | 3.37 M | 0.05 | — | −0.13 USD | −138.02% | 2.84% | Distribution services | Strong buy |
 EXPNEXPERIAN PLC ORD USD0.10 | 47.8 B USD | 3,802 GBX | −0.76% | 57.64 K | 0.02 | 38.34 | 1.28 USD | −4.31% | 1.23% | Commercial services | Buy |
 RKTRECKITT BENCKISER GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.10 | 47.07 B USD | 5,048 GBX | −0.59% | 44.56 K | 0.04 | 24.94 | 2.53 USD | −11.04% | 3.98% | Consumer non-durables | Buy |
 HLNHALEON PLC ORD GBP0.01 | 45.75 B USD | 372.4 GBX | −0.19% | 324.98 K | 0.01 | 23.69 | 0.20 USD | +38.87% | 1.77% | Health technology | Buy |
 CCEPCOCA-COLA EUROPACIFIC PARTNERS ORD EUR0.01 (DI) | 44.47 B USD | 7,010 GBX | +0.29% | 8.94 K | 0.03 | 26.36 | 3.33 USD | −13.87% | 2.21% | Consumer non-durables | Buy |
 STANSTANDARD CHARTERED PLC ORD USD0.50 | 38.37 B USD | 1,211.5 GBX | −0.33% | 504.63 K | 0.09 | 10.47 | 1.49 USD | +30.07% | 2.36% | Finance | Buy |
 TSCOTESCO ORD GBP0.0633333 | 36.15 B USD | 405.4 GBX | +0.09% | 1.07 M | 0.05 | 17.25 | 0.30 USD | +136.66% | 3.38% | Retail trade | Buy |
 AALANGLO AMERICAN ORD USD0.623855311355311 | 33.05 B USD | 2,197 GBX | −2.09% | 141.89 K | 0.05 | — | −2.80 USD | −1,112.55% | 2.46% | Non-energy minerals | Buy |
 PRUPRUDENTIAL PLC GBP0.05 | 32.04 B USD | 902.8 GBX | −1.18% | 419.51 K | 0.07 | 13.86 | 0.82 USD | +30.67% | 1.91% | Finance | Strong buy |
 IMBIMPERIAL BRANDS PLC GBP0.10 | 31.57 B USD | 2,841 GBX | −0.28% | 124.91 K | 0.04 | 9.48 | 3.87 USD | +30.08% | 5.39% | Consumer non-durables | Buy |
 SSESSE PLC GBP0.50 | 28 B USD | 1,858.0 GBX | −0.40% | 143.18 K | 0.04 | 17.17 | 1.40 USD | −30.94% | 3.28% | Utilities | Strong buy |
 AHTASHTEAD GROUP ORD GBP0.10 | 27.97 B USD | 4,693 GBX | −2.21% | 50.94 K | 0.05 | 17.43 | 3.59 USD | −7.05% | 2.02% | Finance | Buy |
 VODVODAFONE GROUP ORD USD0.2095238 | 26.44 B USD | 81.32 GBX | +2.62% | 14.55 M | 0.15 | — | −0.18 USD | −489.78% | 4.77% | Communications | Neutral |
 BT.ABT GROUP ORD GBP0.05 | 26.12 B USD | 197.25 GBX | +0.95% | 854.83 K | 0.04 | 18.64 | 0.14 USD | +25.80% | 4.14% | Communications | Neutral |
 ANTOANTOFAGASTA PLC ORD GBP0.05 | 26.02 B USD | 1,894.0 GBX | −2.07% | 288.53 K | 0.25 | 28.87 | 0.82 USD | −3.57% | 1.23% | Non-energy minerals | Buy |
 AV.AVIVA ORD GBP0.328947368 | 25.56 B USD | 614.2 GBX | −0.32% | 509.3 K | 0.05 | 26.35 | 0.29 USD | −38.14% | 5.79% | Finance | Buy |
 IAGINTERNATIONAL CONSOLIDATED AIRLINE ORD EUR0.10 (CDI) | 22.02 B USD | 344.4 GBX | −0.40% | 1.28 M | 0.06 | 7.86 | 0.55 USD | +0.39% | 2.07% | Transportation | Buy |
 ABFASSOCIATED BRITISH FOODS PLC ORD 5 15/22P | 20.2 B USD | 2,083 GBX | +0.53% | 33.63 K | 0.03 | 11.75 | 2.23 USD | +14.68% | 3.04% | Consumer non-durables | Neutral |
| CCHCOCA-COLA HBC AG ORD CHF6.70(CDI) | 19.67 B USD | 4,002 GBX | +0.96% | 33.78 K | 0.03 | 20.99 | 2.38 USD | +26.43% | 2.19% | Consumer non-durables | Buy |
 NXTNEXT ORD GBP0.10 | 19.62 B USD | 12,235 GBX | −0.69% | 4.89 K | 0.02 | 20.21 | 7.50 USD | −7.65% | 1.75% | Retail trade | Buy |
 LGENLEGAL & GENERAL GROUP ORD GBP0.025 | 19.47 B USD | 249.3 GBX | −0.60% | 1.63 M | 0.10 | 88.09 | 0.04 USD | −59.16% | 8.52% | Finance | Buy |
 IHGINTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP ORD GBP0.208521303 | 18.2 B USD | 8,580 GBX | −1.08% | 3.31 K | 0.01 | 28.43 | 3.78 USD | −14.97% | 1.46% | Consumer services | Neutral |
 SMTScottish Mortgage Investment Trust PlcCEF | 16.54 B USD | 1,029.0 GBX | −1.01% | 164.14 K | 0.07 | 10.88 | 1.22 USD | −2.79% | 0.42% | Miscellaneous | Strong buy |
 HLMAHALMA ORD GBP0.10 | 16.35 B USD | 3,160 GBX | −0.38% | 36.94 K | 0.05 | 40.43 | 1.01 USD | +10.12% | 0.70% | Electronic technology | Neutral |
 SGETHE SAGE GROUP PLC GBP0.01051948 | 15.92 B USD | 1,209.0 GBX | −0.33% | 330.6 K | 0.08 | 35.27 | 0.44 USD | +33.23% | 1.73% | Technology services | Buy |
 FRESFRESNILLO PLC ORD USD0.50 | 14.68 B USD | 1,473 GBX | +0.89% | 121.27 K | 0.08 | 98.26 | 0.19 USD | −41.10% | 1.69% | Non-energy minerals | Buy |
 INFINFORMA PLC ORD GBP0.001 | 14.44 B USD | 805.0 GBX | −1.35% | 73.75 K | 0.02 | 36.34 | 0.28 USD | −25.85% | 2.45% | Technology services | Strong buy |
 ADMADMIRAL GROUP ORD GBP0.001 | 13.95 B USD | 3,328 GBX | −0.24% | 10.67 K | 0.01 | 15.37 | 2.71 USD | +95.90% | 5.76% | Finance | Buy |
 SN.SMITH & NEPHEW PLC ORD USD0.20 | 13.22 B USD | 1,100.5 GBX | −0.59% | 29.49 K | 0.02 | 29.88 | 0.46 USD | +51.56% | 2.61% | Health technology | Buy |
 SGROSEGRO PLC ORD GBP0.10REIT | 12.44 B USD | 666.2 GBX | −1.13% | 73.16 K | 0.03 | 14.99 | 0.56 USD | — | 4.35% | Finance | Buy |
 RTORENTOKIL INITIAL ORD GBP0.01 | 12.13 B USD | 350.3 GBX | −0.93% | 131.03 K | 0.02 | 28.86 | 0.15 USD | −19.50% | 2.57% | Commercial services | Buy |
 SVTSEVERN TRENT ORD GBP0.9789 | 11.07 B USD | 2,680 GBX | −0.59% | 19.74 K | 0.03 | 35.07 | 0.99 USD | +50.29% | 4.51% | Utilities | Neutral |
 UU.UNITED UTILITIES GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.05 | 10.43 B USD | 1,112.5 GBX | −0.76% | 58.21 K | 0.04 | 28.73 | 0.50 USD | +109.64% | 4.63% | Utilities | Buy |
 BNZLBUNZL ORD GBP0.32142857 | 10.39 B USD | 2,336 GBX | −0.09% | 56.87 K | 0.05 | 15.71 | 1.86 USD | −4.70% | 3.16% | Distribution services | Neutral |
 ITRKINTERTEK GROUP ORD GBP0.01 | 10.35 B USD | 4,798 GBX | −0.70% | 51.2 K | 0.11 | 22.56 | 2.66 USD | +16.00% | 3.24% | Commercial services | Buy |
 CNACENTRICA ORD GBP0.061728395 | 10.34 B USD | 158.10 GBX | −0.14% | 443.75 K | 0.02 | 6.39 | 0.31 USD | −63.55% | 2.84% | Utilities | Buy |
 SMINSMITHS GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.375 | 10.14 B USD | 2,236 GBX | −0.71% | 29.08 K | 0.03 | 25.20 | 1.10 USD | +32.66% | 1.97% | Producer manufacturing | Buy |
 PSHPershing Square Holdings, Ltd. Public Class USD Accum.ShsCEF | 10.12 B USD | 4,084 GBX | −0.87% | 12.82 K | 0.05 | 8.17 | 6.25 USD | −52.73% | 1.11% | Miscellaneous | — |
 AUTOAUTO TRADER GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.01 | 9.75 B USD | 812.2 GBX | −0.90% | 59.82 K | 0.03 | 25.74 | 0.41 USD | +12.43% | 1.21% | Technology services | Neutral |
 MKSMARKS & SPENCER GROUP ORD GBP0.01 | 9.5 B USD | 344.5 GBX | −0.20% | 336.97 K | 0.04 | 24.59 | 0.18 USD | −32.55% | 1.04% | Retail trade | Buy |
 PSONPEARSON ORD GBP0.25 | 9.48 B USD | 1,067.0 GBX | −0.88% | 57.52 K | 0.03 | 16.82 | 0.79 USD | +20.40% | 2.23% | Consumer services | Buy |
 MROMELROSE INDUSTRIES PLC ORD GBP0.001 | 9.11 B USD | 517.4 GBX | −1.41% | 139.83 K | 0.04 | — | −0.05 USD | −24.01% | 1.14% | Electronic technology | Buy |
 AAFAIRTEL AFRICA PLC ORD USD0.5 | 9.08 B USD | 180.4 GBX | −0.93% | 225.36 K | 0.02 | 38.63 | 0.06 USD | — | 2.69% | Communications | Buy |
 DPLMDIPLOMA PLC ORD GBP0.05 | 8.93 B USD | 4,824 GBX | −1.11% | 10.7 K | 0.04 | 38.80 | 1.61 USD | +44.21% | 1.23% | Distribution services | Buy |
 WEIRWEIR GROUP ORD GBP0.125 | 8.87 B USD | 2,496 GBX | −1.11% | 19.75 K | 0.03 | 20.75 | 1.51 USD | +37.20% | 1.58% | Producer manufacturing | Strong buy |
 PHNXPHOENIX GROUP HOLDINGS PLC ORD GBP0.10 | 8.83 B USD | 644.5 GBX | −0.54% | 221.52 K | 0.07 | — | −1.40 USD | — | 8.33% | Finance | Neutral |
 SBRYSAINSBURY(J) ORD GBP0.28571428 | 8.71 B USD | 282.8 GBX | +0.57% | 785.91 K | 0.09 | 19.29 | 0.18 USD | +156.29% | 4.84% | Retail trade | Buy |
 STJST JAMES'S PLACE PLC ORD GBP0.15 | 8.51 B USD | 1,156.0 GBX | −1.78% | 74.92 K | 0.04 | 15.93 | 0.91 USD | — | 1.53% | Finance | Buy |
 BTRWBARRATT REDROW PLC ORD GBP0.10 | 8.44 B USD | 423.7 GBX | −2.33% | 435.65 K | 0.09 | 41.30 | 0.13 USD | −54.22% | 3.99% | Consumer durables | Strong buy |
 MNGM&G PLC ORD GBP0.05 | 8.29 B USD | 255.2 GBX | −0.47% | 422.31 K | 0.06 | — | −0.19 USD | −222.50% | 7.84% | Finance | Buy |
 RMVRIGHTMOVE ORD GBP0.001 | 8.19 B USD | 769.6 GBX | −0.98% | 40.81 K | 0.02 | 31.66 | 0.30 USD | −0.49% | 1.26% | Technology services | Neutral |
 ENTENTAIN PLC ORD EUR0.01 | 8 B USD | 910.6 GBX | −0.63% | 47.71 K | 0.02 | — | −0.89 USD | +53.23% | 2.03% | Consumer services | Buy |
 WPPWPP PLC ORD GBP0.10 | 7.86 B USD | 523.4 GBX | −1.91% | 128.89 K | 0.03 | 10.47 | 0.63 USD | +394.17% | 7.38% | Commercial services | Neutral |
 SDRSCHRODERS PLC ORD GBP0.20 | 7.85 B USD | 363.4 GBX | −2.05% | 193.36 K | 0.06 | 13.99 | 0.33 USD | +7.36% | 5.80% | Finance | Neutral |
 BEZBEAZLEY PLC (UK) ORD GBP0.05 | 7.66 B USD | 908.0 GBX | −0.87% | 107.46 K | 0.06 | 6.81 | 1.67 USD | +9.91% | 2.73% | Finance | Strong buy |
 ICGINTERMEDIATE CAPITAL GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.2625 | 7.56 B USD | 1,920 GBX | −2.04% | 24.97 K | 0.02 | 12.49 | 1.99 USD | −7.72% | 4.23% | Finance | Buy |
 BABBABCOCK INTERNATIONAL GROUP ORD GBP0.60 | 7.47 B USD | 1,070 GBX | −1.47% | 92.1 K | 0.02 | 22.27 | 0.62 USD | +49.38% | 0.49% | Producer manufacturing | Strong buy |
 EDVENDEAVOUR MINING PLC ORD USD0.01 | 7.43 B USD | 2,268 GBX | +0.27% | 20.07 K | 0.03 | — | −0.40 USD | −64.16% | 3.29% | Non-energy minerals | Strong buy |
 CTECCONVATEC GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.1 | 7.39 B USD | 264.4 GBX | −0.38% | 3.31 M | 0.43 | 36.52 | 0.09 USD | +41.96% | 1.91% | Health technology | Buy |
 FCITF&C Investment Trust PLC GBPCEF | 7.38 B USD | 1,116 GBX | −0.75% | 28.51 K | 0.09 | 5.55 | 2.52 USD | +94.70% | 1.39% | Miscellaneous | — |
 MNDIMONDI PLC ORD EUR0.22 | 7.38 B USD | 1,201.5 GBX | −2.12% | 52.47 K | 0.04 | 28.85 | 0.52 USD | −65.03% | 4.86% | Process industries | Buy |
 IMIIMI ORD GBP0.28571428 | 7.17 B USD | 2,104 GBX | −0.94% | 81.96 K | 0.09 | 22.01 | 1.20 USD | +4.88% | 1.46% | Producer manufacturing | Strong buy |
 GAWGAMES WORKSHOP GROUP ORD GBP0.05 | 7.15 B USD | 15,750 GBX | −0.82% | 1.57 K | 0.03 | 29.70 | 6.75 USD | +25.25% | 3.27% | Consumer durables | Strong buy |
 WTBWHITBREAD ORD GBP0.76797385 | 6.98 B USD | 2,924 GBX | −0.37% | 16.61 K | 0.02 | 20.99 | 1.75 USD | −11.09% | 3.30% | Consumer services | Buy |
 KGFKINGFISHER ORD GBP0.157142857 | 6.97 B USD | 289.2 GBX | −0.79% | 291.55 K | 0.05 | 29.81 | 0.12 USD | −45.99% | 4.25% | Retail trade | Neutral |
 ALWAlliance Witan PLCCEF | 6.71 B USD | 1,234 GBX | −0.80% | 110.69 K | 0.26 | 7.80 | 1.98 USD | −24.11% | 2.15% | Miscellaneous | — |
 DCCDCC ORD EUR0.25 (CDI) | 6.51 B USD | 4,824 GBX | −0.54% | 12.12 K | 0.04 | 23.14 | 2.69 USD | −36.81% | 4.26% | Utilities | Buy |
 JD.JD SPORTS FASHION PLC ORD GBP0.0005 | 6.34 B USD | 89.24 GBX | −2.20% | 1.76 M | 0.06 | 9.39 | 0.12 USD | −9.00% | 1.10% | Retail trade | Buy |
 HWDNHOWDEN JOINERY GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.10 | 6.31 B USD | 837.0 GBX | −1.41% | 74.78 K | 0.05 | 18.44 | 0.57 USD | −1.92% | 2.50% | Consumer durables | Buy |
 LMPLONDONMETRIC PROPERTY PLC ORD GBP0.10REIT | 6.28 B USD | 197.6 GBX | −0.20% | 364.33 K | 0.03 | 11.58 | 0.22 USD | +61.00% | 6.06% | Finance | Strong buy |
 SPXSPIRAX GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.269230769 | 6.21 B USD | 6,105 GBX | −1.25% | 6.82 K | 0.03 | 23.59 | 3.24 USD | +4.00% | 2.67% | Producer manufacturing | Buy |
 LANDLAND SECURITIES GROUP PLC ORD GBP0.106666666REIT | 6.09 B USD | 595.0 GBX | −0.92% | 143.18 K | 0.05 | 11.22 | 0.68 USD | — | 6.73% | Finance | Buy |
 HIKHIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS ORD GBP0.10 | 5.97 B USD | 1,970 GBX | −0.81% | 8.79 K | 0.02 | 15.63 | 1.58 USD | +82.81% | 3.12% | Health technology | Buy |
 PCTPolar Capital Technology Trust PLCCEF | 5.81 B USD | 364.5 GBX | −0.82% | 217.4 K | 0.10 | 3.64 | 1.29 USD | +146.67% | 0.00% | Miscellaneous | — |
 CRDACRODA INTERNATIONAL ORD GBP0.10609756 | 5.8 B USD | 2,991 GBX | −1.84% | 34.71 K | 0.08 | 26.36 | 1.42 USD | −7.24% | 3.61% | Process industries | Buy |
 HSXHISCOX ORD GBP0.065 (DI) | 5.77 B USD | 1,250 GBX | −0.46% | 119.56 K | 0.07 | 8.98 | 1.74 USD | −13.94% | 2.61% | Finance | Buy |
 TW.TAYLOR WIMPEY PLC ORD GBP0.01 | 5.55 B USD | 112.85 GBX | −1.78% | 3.84 M | 0.16 | 18.26 | 0.08 USD | −37.39% | 8.23% | Consumer durables | Buy |
 EZJEASYJET ORD GBP0.27285714 | 5.48 B USD | 523.6 GBX | −1.49% | 198.56 K | 0.04 | 9.65 | 0.70 USD | +9.95% | 2.28% | Transportation | Buy |
 UTGUNITE GROUP ORD GBP0.25REIT | 5.48 B USD | 812.0 GBX | −1.04% | 29.19 K | 0.03 | 8.45 | 1.20 USD | +273.15% | 4.55% | Finance | Strong buy |
 PSNPERSIMMON ORD GBP0.10 | 5.36 B USD | 1,202.0 GBX | −2.00% | 217.3 K | 0.12 | 14.54 | 1.03 USD | +3.91% | 4.89% | Consumer durables | Buy |
 BKGBERKELEY GROUP HLDGS ORD GBP0.05611047 | 4.92 B USD | 3,602 GBX | −1.96% | 38.38 K | 0.05 | 9.73 | 4.93 USD | −3.79% | 1.83% | Consumer durables | Neutral |