Get started

Cryptomarket

Quantitative Trading Models in Forex: A Deep DiveQuantitative Trading Models in Forex: A Deep Dive Quantitative trading in forex harnesses advanced algorithms and statistical models to decode market dynamics, offering traders a sophisticated approach to currency trading. This article delves into the various quantitative trading models, their implementation, and their challenges, providing insights for traders looking to navigate the forex market with a data-driven approach. Understanding Quantitative Trading in Forex Quantitative trading, also known as quant trading, in the forex market involves using sophisticated quantitative trading systems that leverage complex mathematical and statistical methods to analyse market data and execute trades. These systems are designed to identify patterns, trends, and potential opportunities in currency movements that might be invisible to the naked eye. At the heart of these systems are quantitative trading strategies and models, which are algorithmic procedures developed to determine market behaviour and make informed decisions. These strategies incorporate a variety of approaches, from historical data analysis to predictive modelling, which should ensure a comprehensive assessment of market dynamics. Notably, in quantitative trading, Python and similar data-oriented programming languages are often used to build models. In essence, quantitative systems help decipher the intricate relationships between different currency pairs, economic indicators, and global events, potentially enabling traders to execute trades with higher precision and efficiency. Key Types of Quantitative Models Quantitative trading, spanning diverse markets such as forex, stocks, and cryptocurrencies*, utilises complex quantitative trading algorithms to make informed decisions. While it's prominently applied in quantitative stock trading, its principles and models are particularly significant in the forex market. These models are underpinned by quantitative analysis, derivative modelling, and trading strategies, which involve mathematical analysis of market movements and risk assessment to potentially optimise trading outcomes. Trend Following Models Trend-following systems are designed to identify and capitalise on market trends. Using historical price data, they may determine the direction and strength of market movements, helping traders to align themselves with the prevailing upward or downward trend. Indicators like the Average Directional Index or Parabolic SAR can assist in developing trend-following models. Mean Reversion Models Operating on the principle that prices eventually move back towards their mean or average, mean reversion systems look for overextended price movements in the forex market. Traders use mean reversion strategies to determine when a currency pair is likely to revert to its historical average. High-Frequency Trading (HFT) Models Involving the execution of a large number of orders at breakneck speeds, HFT models are used to capitalise on tiny price movements. They’re less about determining market direction and more about exploiting market inefficiencies at micro-level time frames. Sentiment Analysis Models These models analyse market sentiment data, such as news headlines, social media buzz, and economic reports, to gauge the market's mood. This information can be pivotal in defining short-term movements in the forex market, though this model is becoming increasingly popular for quantitative trading in crypto*. Machine Learning Models These systems continuously learn and adapt to new market data by incorporating AI and machine learning, identifying complex patterns and relationships that might elude traditional models. They are particularly adept at processing large volumes of data and making predictive analyses. Hypothesis-Based Models These models test specific hypotheses about market behaviour. For example, a theory might posit that certain economic indicators lead to predictable responses in currency markets. They’re then backtested and refined based on historical data to validate or refute the hypotheses. Each model offers a unique lens through which forex traders can analyse the market, offering diverse approaches to tackle the complexities of currency trading. Quantitative vs Algorithmic Trading While quant and algorithmic trading are often used interchangeably and do overlap, there are notable differences between the two approaches. Algorithmic Trading Focus: Emphasises automating processes, often using technical indicators for decision-making. Methodology: Relies on predefined rules based on historical data, often without the depth of quantitative analysis. Execution: Prioritises automated execution of trades, often at high speed. Application: Used widely for efficiency in executing repetitive, rule-based tasks. Quantitative Trading Focus: Utilises advanced mathematical and statistical models to determine market movements. Methodology: Involves complex computations and data analysis and often incorporates economic theories. Execution: May or may not automate trade execution; focuses on strategy formulation. Application: Common in risk management and strategic trade planning. Implementation and Challenges Implementing quantitative models in forex begins with the development of a robust strategy involving the selection of appropriate models and algorithms. This phase includes rigorous backtesting against historical data to validate their effectiveness. Following this, traders often engage in forward testing in live market conditions to evaluate real-world performance. Challenges in this realm are multifaceted. Key among them is the quality and relevance of the data used. Models can be rendered ineffective if based on inaccurate or outdated data. Overfitting remains a significant concern, where systems too closely tailored to historical data may fail to adapt to evolving market dynamics. Another challenge is the constant need to monitor and update models to keep pace with market changes, requiring a blend of technical expertise and market acumen. The Bottom Line In this deep dive into quantitative trading in forex, we've uncovered the potency of diverse models, each tailored to navigate the complex currency markets with precision. These strategies, rooted in data-driven analysis, may offer traders an edge in decision-making. *Important: At FXOpen UK, Cryptocurrency trading via CFDs is only available to our Professional clients. They are not available for trading by Retail clients. To find out more information about how this may affect you, please get in touch with our team. This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.
Education
by FXOpen
1
Macromics Group: Market Trends Overview (June 2025)Global Economic Landscape: What Has Changed? June 2025 marks significant shifts in the global economy. After several years of instability caused by the pandemic, inflation, and geopolitical tensions, markets are gradually stabilizing. However, new challenges are emerging: rising risks in Asia, digital transformation in Europe, and strategy shifts in the U.S. China and India continue to show strong growth rates—5.8% and 6.5% respectively. Europe, by contrast, is lagging behind due to slow recovery and persistent inflation. The U.S. maintains a steady course driven by consumer spending and innovation, reporting 2.1% GDP growth. Macromics Group continues to deliver in-depth analytics and strategies for clients seeking to understand and capitalize on these changes. We analyze trends across more than 120 industries, helping companies adapt and thrive. Macroeconomics and Monetary Policy: A Shift Toward Stabilization Financial regulators have begun cautiously lowering interest rates after the peaks of 2024. The U.S. Federal Reserve has dropped its rate to 4.5%, while the ECB has reduced its rate to 3.75%. This is made possible by a decline in inflation: 2.7% in the U.S. and 3.1% in the EU. Meanwhile, developing nations like Turkey and Argentina are still grappling with high inflation. These countries risk falling behind the global recovery unless decisive steps are taken. Overall, the global course is toward soft stabilization: interest rates remain high but steady. This creates favorable conditions for investment and long-term planning. Financial Markets: From Caution to Moderate Optimism Stock markets in June 2025 show mixed performance. U.S. indexes such as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq hit new highs, thanks to the booming tech sector. Stocks of companies involved in AI, quantum computing, and cybersecurity are particularly strong. European markets are less active but relatively stable. Growth is limited by high costs, demographic issues, and the transition to ESG standards. In Russia and CIS countries, markets are under pressure due to sanctions, currency restrictions, and reduced investment. On the currency front, the U.S. dollar and Chinese yuan dominate. The ruble is volatile, the euro is stable, and the yen is strengthening as a safe haven asset. Technology: The Engine of New Markets The main trend in 2025 is AI and automation. Companies are deploying neural networks in logistics, marketing, finance, and HR to cut costs and boost efficiency. Demand for AI professionals and developers is surging. 5G infrastructure has matured in most developed countries, unlocking new potential in IoT, telemedicine, and remote work. At the same time, quantum computing is advancing rapidly, with commercial solutions expected by 2026. Macromics Group invests in next-generation analytical platforms, enabling clients to access real-time insights and forecast trends before they go mainstream. Energy and Sustainability: ESG and the “Green” Shift Energy markets have stabilized after the turbulence of 2024. Oil prices remain between $70–$85 per barrel—comfortable for both producers and consumers. Meanwhile, renewable energy—solar, wind, and hydrogen—is seeing record investment. Corporations are increasingly reporting according to ESG standards. It’s not just a trend, but a new business reality. Investors demand transparency, consumers prefer socially responsible brands, and regulators impose mandatory reporting. Macromics Group supports clients in transitioning to sustainable models by developing ESG strategies, assessing risks, and offering financial solutions. Conclusion: Outlook for the Second Half of 2025 The first half of 2025 showed that markets are learning to operate in a new reality. The global economy is no longer chasing rapid growth, but adapting to volatility. Key focus areas are technology, sustainability, and smart resource management. For businesses, this means quick adaptation, innovative thinking, and reliance on data-driven decisions. In this context, Macromics Group serves not just as an analyst but as a strategic partner. Our recommendation: act proactively. In times of uncertainty, those who plan years ahead and use quality data will win.
CRYPTO:BTCUSDEducation
by HCN-News12
Circle’s IPO and the Crypto Listing Wave: The Market EntersOn June 14, 2025, the U.S. stock market witnessed a pivotal moment for the crypto industry. Circle, issuer of the USDC stablecoin and a major player in the sector, successfully went public. Shares opened at $31 and soared to over $134 by the end of the first trading day—an explosive 330% gain. This isn’t just a one-off success. It marks the beginning of a new chapter: the public crypto era, where leading crypto companies are stepping into the spotlight of traditional finance. Why It Matters Circle’s IPO signals the maturation of the crypto market. Just three years ago, crypto companies were seen as high-risk, unregulated tech startups. Now, they’re structured fintech firms with clear business models, institutional backing, and regulatory compliance. Who’s Next in Line Following Circle, a wave of major crypto firms is preparing for their own IPOs: eToro – the social trading platform with crypto features has finalized its SPAC merger and is set to debut on NASDAQ. Gemini – the exchange founded by the Winklevoss twins filed for an IPO in mid-May. Galaxy Digital and Ripple – both confirmed listing plans for the second half of 2025. Kraken is exploring a listing in Europe, where requirements are more flexible than in the U.S. These companies are waiting for the right moment—regulatory clarity, growing interest in crypto ETFs, and progress in U.S. Congress (with the CLARITY and GENIUS bills gaining momentum). What It Means for the Industry Increased Investor Trust – Public companies must disclose financials, pass audits, and comply with regulations. This builds confidence in the broader crypto sector. Institutional Capital Inflow – IPOs unlock access to capital from pension funds, hedge funds, and asset managers that cannot invest in private crypto startups. Marketing Power – Going public draws media attention and boosts brand awareness. Every IPO is a PR win for the entire industry. Risks and Challenges Regulatory Uncertainty – Despite progress, the SEC could change direction, especially with potential political shifts. Overvaluation Concerns – Circle’s stock is already raising eyebrows, with a P/E ratio over 200 and trading volume growing faster than revenue. Crypto Market Dependency – If crypto prices crash, the valuations of these companies could quickly collapse. What’s Next Expect up to 10 more crypto IPOs over the next 6–12 months, including players in DeFi, blockchain infrastructure, and Web3. This is the next stage in crypto’s journey toward mainstream legitimacy. What was once the domain of tech rebels and early adopters is now becoming a business—with a stock ticker and quarterly earnings. And that changes everything.
CRYPTO:BTCUSDEducation
by HCN-News12
Altcoins in Focus: Aptos, KAIA, and Ravencoin (RVN)Amid Bitcoin’s rapid growth and renewed interest in Ethereum, investors are increasingly turning their attention to altcoins—alternative cryptocurrencies showing strong potential for sharp gains. As of early June 2025, Aptos (APT), KAIA, and Ravencoin (RVN) stand out for their price surges and growing interest from major exchanges and analysts. Aptos, a next-generation blockchain platform developed by former Meta (ex-Diem) engineers, has secured its place among the top 50 by market cap. In recent days, the token broke through a resistance level at $9.20, signaling a possible continuation of the uptrend. Its appeal lies in its scalability and its unique MoveVM architecture, which makes it attractive for developers in DeFi and NFT applications. KAIA, a new token in the AI and metaverse ecosystem, gained over 15% this week following a Binance listing and integration with several major Web3 projects. Investors see KAIA as a potential “new Render,” focusing on neural computation and digital identity infrastructure. Ravencoin (RVN), a long-time presence in the crypto space, is regaining popularity. With its focus on asset tokenization and copyright protection on the blockchain, RVN surged 14% after announcing partnerships with several independent music platforms. The rise of these altcoins demonstrates that there is room in the crypto world not just for the giants, but also for innovative, purpose-driven projects capable of capturing market and user interest.
BINGX:ALTCOINUSDT.PEducation
by HCN-News12
Fair Value Gap (FVG) in Crypto: The Complete Guide🔸Introduction: In financial markets in general—and the crypto market in particular—understanding market liquidity and imbalance zones is essential for building successful trading strategies. One of the most prominent modern price analysis concepts, especially within the Smart Money Concepts (SMC) framework, is the Fair Value Gap (FVG). This refers to a price imbalance between buyers and sellers. 🔸What is the Fair Value Gap (FVG)? A Fair Value Gap is an area on the price chart that shows an imbalance between supply and demand. It occurs when the price moves rapidly in one direction without being fairly traded within a balanced price range. This usually happens due to the entry of large players or “smart money,” creating a gap between three consecutive candlesticks on the chart. Classic Bullish FVG Setup: Candle 1: A bearish or neutral candle. Candle 2: A strong bullish candle (usually large). Candle 3: A bullish or neutral candle. 🔸Where is the Gap? The gap lies between the high of candle 1 and the low of candle 3. If candle 3 does not touch the high of candle 1, an unfilled price gap (FVG) is present. 🔸How is FVG Used in Market Analysis? Traders use Fair Value Gaps as potential areas for: Entering trades when the price returns to retest the gap. Identifying zones of institutional interest. Setting potential targets for price movement. 🔸Common Scenario: If a strong bullish candle creates a Fair Value Gap, the price often returns later to retest that gap before continuing its upward movement. The gap can be considered "delayed demand" or "delayed supply". 🔸🔸Types of FVG:🔸🔸 🔸Bullish FVG: Indicates strong buying pressure. The price is expected to return to the gap, then bounce upwards. 🔸Bearish FVG: Indicates strong selling pressure. The price is expected to return to the gap, then continue downward. 🔸Relationship Between FVG and Liquidity: Fair Value Gaps are often linked to untapped liquidity zones, where buy or sell orders have not yet been fulfilled. When the price returns to these areas: Institutional orders are activated. The price is pushed again in the primary direction. 🔸How to Trade Using FVG (Simple Entry Plan): Steps: Identify the overall trend (bullish or bearish). Observe the formation of an FVG in the same direction. Wait for the price to return and test the gap. Look for entry confirmation (like a reversal candle or a supporting indicator). Set your stop loss below or above the gap. Take profit at a previous structure level or the next FVG. 🔸🔸Real-World Examples (Simplified):🔸🔸 🔸Bullish Example: A strong bullish candle appears on BTC/USD. A gap forms between $74K and $80K. The price rises to $108K, then returns to 74K$ (inside the gap). From there, it begins to rise again. 🔸Important Tips When Using FVG: Don’t rely on FVGs alone—combine them with: -Market Structure. -Support and resistance zones. -Confirmation indicators like RSI or Volume Profile. -Best used on higher timeframes (15m, 1H, 4H, Daily). -The gap can be filled the same day or after days/weeks. 🔸Conclusion The Fair Value Gap is a powerful analytical tool used to identify zones of institutional interest. It plays a key role in the toolset of professional traders who follow smart money principles. By mastering this concept, traders can improve entry and exit timing, reduce risk, and increase their chances of success. Best regards Ceciliones🎯
Education
by ceciliones
35
Market Psychology 101Good day traders and investors, There are benefits to being (AWAKE) or at least there should be. This is where I stand at the moment with the Bitcoin & crypto market. I do believe Is in the final stages of the bull market marked with a circle. The final stage has biggest gains and it happens in 30 to 45 days. Most of what I wan to say is in the chart. Please, feel free to add something you feel I have missed or why you may disagree. Kind regards, Demetrios
INDEX:BTCUSDEducation
by WeAreSat0shi
1
Futures on CME and Launch of XpFinance DeFi PlatformOn May 7, 2025, the XRP ecosystem received two major developments that signal a new chapter in its evolution. First, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) announced the launch of futures contracts for XRP. Shortly thereafter, developers behind the XRP Ledger unveiled XpFinance — the first non-custodial lending platform built on the network. These two events are poised to reshape XRP's market perception and could attract a wave of new investment. XRP Futures on CME: A Leap Toward Institutional Adoption Set to go live on May 19, the new CME product will enable investors to trade XRP through regulated futures contracts. This is a major milestone. With similar contracts already in place for Bitcoin and Ethereum, XRP becomes the third digital asset to gain such legitimacy in institutional markets. The introduction of futures means greater liquidity, risk management tools, and a clear path for hedge funds, pension managers, and banks to engage with XRP — without needing to custody the underlying token directly. Analysts anticipate that this added market structure could drive up demand, especially if the rollout is smooth and met with trading interest. XpFinance and the XPF Token: DeFi Comes to XRP Ledger The second big announcement came from XpFinance, a new decentralized lending protocol. What sets it apart is its non-custodial model — users can lend assets and earn interest while retaining full control of their private keys. At a time when centralized platforms are under scrutiny, this approach appeals to security-conscious users. XpFinance is powered by a new token, XPF, which will be used for staking rewards, fee payments, and governance. The pre-sale of XPF has already begun and is generating buzz, especially among XRP community members eager to participate in the first major DeFi initiative on the ledger. Market Outlook and Analyst Forecasts Reactions from analysts have been positive. According to a report from DigitalMetrics, if both the CME futures and XpFinance platforms gain traction, XRP could see a sharp upward move — potentially reaching $10 by summer 2025. That would represent a fourfold increase from its current price. However, risks remain. Ripple Labs continues to face regulatory pressure in the U.S., and crypto markets overall remain volatile. Still, the general tone has shifted. With increasing institutional interest and expanding utility, XRP appears to be entering a new phase of growth. Conclusion The combination of institutional infrastructure and decentralized finance innovation makes May 2025 a pivotal moment for XRP. If these initiatives succeed, XRP could transition from a mid-cap altcoin to a primary digital asset in the eyes of both institutional investors and the broader crypto community. Whether this momentum will translate into long-term market dominance remains to be seen — but the foundation is clearly being laid.
CRYPTOCAP:XRPEducation
by HCN-News12
Bitcoin Stabilizes at $94,000 — What's Next?Following a strong rally in early 2025, Bitcoin is now showing signs of stabilization, hovering around the $94,000 mark. For a notoriously volatile asset, this steady price movement might seem unusual. However, this calm may be the calm before the storm—either a breakout or a pullback. So, what’s behind this current phase of Bitcoin’s price? Firstly, all eyes are on the U.S. Federal Reserve. Investors are nervously anticipating its next interest rate decision. As always, monetary policy acts as a major catalyst for risk assets. A rate cut could boost inflows into the crypto market, while a hike might lead to capital outflows and dampen sentiment. Secondly, retail investor activity appears to be cooling. Trading volumes have declined compared to the high levels seen in February and March, when the market was filled with euphoria. Now, we are witnessing a period of cautious waiting. The "Fear and Greed Index" reflects this, hovering around neutral territory, indicating market indecision. From a technical standpoint, analysts identify two key levels: strong resistance near $100,000 and a support zone around $90,000. As long as Bitcoin remains within this range, short-term traders are operating in a sideways market while longer-term investors remain on standby. Beyond macroeconomic factors, crypto-specific developments will also influence BTC’s price. Important upcoming events—such as Ethereum’s upgrade, potential regulatory changes in the UK and Japan, and global crypto conferences—could all act as catalysts. Institutional investors are another major factor. Companies like MicroStrategy continue to accumulate Bitcoin, adding confidence to the asset’s long-term outlook. If more institutions follow suit, Bitcoin could see increased demand and stronger bullish momentum. In the near term, market participants are advised to stay cautious. Bitcoin may continue consolidating until a clear macro or market-specific catalyst emerges. All in all, $94,000 is more than just a number. It represents a temporary equilibrium of forces—bullish and bearish. The question is not whether Bitcoin will move again, but when and in which direction.
Education
by HCN-News12
What Is SMT Divergence, and How Can You Use It in Trading?What Is SMT Divergence, and How Can You Use It in Trading? SMT divergence, or Smart Money Technique divergence, is a concept used by traders to analyse imbalances in correlated markets. By identifying when price movements deviate between related instruments, traders can uncover potential shifts in market momentum, often linked to institutional activity. This article explores what SMT divergence is, how SMT divergence trading works, and its practical applications. What Is SMT Divergence? SMT divergence, short for Smart Money Technique divergence, refers to a specific type of price discrepancy between two correlated financial instruments. Part of the Inner Circle Trader (ICT) methodology, this divergence is often interpreted as a sign of institutional or "smart money" activity, as it highlights potential inefficiencies or imbalances in the market. Here’s how an ICT SMT divergence works: correlated instruments—like EUR/USD and GBP/USD in forex, or major stock indices like the S&P 500 and NASDAQ—typically move in the same direction under normal market conditions. SMT divergence occurs when one instrument makes a higher high or lower low, while the other fails to follow suit. This inconsistency suggests that buying or selling pressure may be uneven across these markets, often caused by larger market participants adjusting their positions. For example, if EUR/USD forms a new high, while GBP/USD lags behind and fails to break its previous high. This divergence could indicate waning momentum in one pair, hinting at a potential reversal or shift in the overall market structure. Traders analysing SMT divergence often see these moments as key opportunities to assess whether institutional players might be involved. To identify an SMT divergence, you can monitor two correlated assets’ charts and observe discrepancies. Also, there are SMT divergence indicators for MT4, MT5, and TradingView available online that can automate the process. The Core Components of SMT Divergence SMT divergence relies on three key components: correlated instruments, divergence between price movements, and the involvement of institutional players. Understanding these elements is crucial for applying this concept. 1. Correlated Instruments At the heart of SMT divergence is the relationship between correlated markets. These are instruments that typically move in tandem due to shared economic drivers. For instance, in forex, pairs like EUR/USD and GBP/USD often exhibit similar trends because they’re influenced by the strength of the US dollar, as well as their close regional ties and trade relationships. In equities, indices like the Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500 often align because they reflect broader market sentiment and contain overlapping stocks. 2. Divergence in Price Movements The divergence occurs when these typically correlated instruments fail to move in sync. For example, one instrument may reach a higher high, while the other stalls or even reverses. This mismatch is more than just noise—it can signal a deeper imbalance in the market, often linked to uneven supply and demand dynamics. It’s these price discrepancies that traders scrutinise to identify potential turning points. 3. Institutional Activity One of the reasons SMT divergence is so closely watched is its potential link to smart money behaviour. Institutions often use correlated instruments to mask their actions, creating subtle imbalances that only become apparent through careful analysis. For instance, when one correlated pair lags, it might reflect deliberate accumulation or distribution by larger players. How Traders Analyse SMT Divergence Analysing SMT divergence helps in understanding the nuanced relationship between correlated instruments and interpreting these imbalances correctly. Unlike leading correlations—such as oil influencing the Canadian dollar—SMT divergence doesn’t rely on one asset consistently driving the other. Instead, it focuses on shifts in momentum where neither instrument is the leader, but their combined behaviour hints at potential market moves. Identifying Divergence Traders start by observing price action in two correlated instruments or timeframes. SMT divergence becomes apparent when one instrument forms a higher high or lower low, while the other fails to do so. For example, if EUR/USD makes a higher high, but GBP/USD stalls below its previous peak, this inconsistency could signal fading bullish momentum in the broader market. The key is that neither asset leads; instead, the divergence itself provides the signal. Some common correlations traders use include: - Forex Pairs: EUR/USD and GBP/USD USD/JPY and USD/CHF DXY and USD/CAD - Cryptocurrencies*: BTC/USD and ETH/USD - Equity Indices: S&P 500 and NASDAQ FTSE 100 and DAX - Treasuries: US 10-Year Treasury Yield and USD/JPY - Commodities: Brent Crude and WTI Crude Oil Interpreting Divergence at Extremes SMT divergence is particularly significant when it occurs at market highs or lows. When divergence appears at highs—such as one instrument making a higher high while the other fails—it often signals a potential bearish reversal in the stronger instrument. Conversely, at lows, if one makes a lower low while the other holds firm, it may indicate a potential bullish reversal in the weaker one. This imbalance highlights where momentum might shift. Adding Context Traders rarely rely on an SMT divergence strategy alone. They often look for supporting evidence, such as volume analysis, market structure shifts, or order flow data, to confirm the signal. For instance, divergence combined with signs of institutional selling near a high could strengthen the case for a bearish move. SMT Divergence in Different Market Conditions SMT divergence behaves differently depending on market conditions, offering traders insights that vary between trending and ranging environments. Its effectiveness hinges on the context in which it appears, so understanding how it adapts to different scenarios is key. Trending Markets In trending markets, SMT divergence often signals potential reversals or pauses in momentum. For example, in a strong uptrend, divergence at a new high (where one correlated instrument makes a higher high while the other does not) can indicate waning buying pressure. This inconsistency might suggest that institutional players are beginning to reduce their positions or shift market direction. A similar principle applies in downtrends: divergence at a fresh low, where one instrument breaks lower while the other doesn’t, could signal that bearish momentum is losing steam. Traders often use these moments to reassess their analysis and consider the possibility of a reversal or pullback within the trend. Ranging Markets In a range-bound environment, SMT divergence takes on a different role. Rather than hinting at trend reversals, it often highlights potential breakouts or false moves. For instance, during a consolidation phase, if one correlated instrument makes a sharp move outside the range while the other stays contained, it may signal that the breakout is unsustainable and a reversal back into the range is likely. Alternatively, if both instruments diverge significantly at the edges of the range, it could suggest that smart money is accumulating or distributing positions in preparation for a breakout. Different Asset Classes SMT divergence isn’t limited to one market type. In forex, it often reveals imbalances caused by macroeconomic drivers like central bank policies. In equities, it can signal sector rotation or institutional adjustments. Commodities, particularly oil or gold, may show divergence influenced by supply and demand dynamics. Limitations and Common Misconceptions While SMT divergence is a powerful tool for analysing market imbalances, it’s important to understand its limitations and avoid common misconceptions. Misinterpreting divergence can lead to flawed decisions, especially if it’s viewed in isolation or without proper context. Limitations - False Signals: Not all divergences indicate institutional activity or meaningful shifts in the market. Low liquidity or erratic price movements can create divergence that doesn’t hold significance. - Context Dependency: SMT divergence requires a solid understanding of market conditions. Its reliability decreases in highly volatile or choppy environments where correlations break down temporarily. - Not a Standalone Tool: Relying solely on SMT divergence can be risky. Traders use it alongside other forms of analysis, such as market structure or volume data. Common Misconceptions - Always Linked to Institutional Activity: Not every instance of SMT divergence involves smart money. Divergences can also result from retail trading activity or macroeconomic events. - Predicting Market Direction: SMT divergence doesn’t guarantee outcomes; it highlights imbalances. Further analysis is needed to evaluate whether the market will reverse, continue, or consolidate. - Universal Applicability: While it works across various markets, not all instruments are equally suitable for SMT divergence due to differences in liquidity or drivers. Practical Applications of SMT Divergence SMT divergence is a versatile analytical method that traders use to refine their strategies and deepen their understanding of market dynamics. Here’s how it’s typically applied in practice: Identifying Market Turning Points One of the most common uses of SMT divergence is spotting potential reversals. When divergence appears at key highs or lows, it often signals that momentum is shifting. When combined with other common trading tools, such as support and resistance, as well as ICT methodology concepts like order blocks and fair value gaps, this can be used to time entries or adjust risk exposure. Potentially Enhancing Risk Management SMT divergence can potentially enhance risk management by offering early warnings about changes in market conditions. If divergence aligns with other factors—such as weakening volume or significant resistance/support levels—it can serve as a signal to tighten stops or reduce position sizes, depending on the trader’s broader approach. At the same time, it can also provide clear boundaries for setting stop losses. If a trader has confidence that a reversal in one asset is likely due to an SMT divergence, then a stop loss can be placed immediately after the maximum or minimum of the divergence. The Bottom Line The SMT divergence is a valuable tool for understanding market imbalances and spotting potential turning points. By combining it with other analysis methods, traders can gain deeper insights into price action. FAQ What Does Divergence Mean in Trading? Divergence in trading refers to a mismatch between the price action of an asset and a technical indicator or between two correlated instruments. It often signals a potential change in trend, as the imbalance suggests a shift in market momentum. What Is SMT in Trading? SMT in trading stands for Smart Money Technique. SMT divergence is one of the ICT trading concepts. It focuses on identifying market imbalances that may reflect the activity of institutional traders, seen through divergence between correlated instruments. What Does SMT Divergence Mean? The SMT divergence meaning refers to an occasion when two correlated instruments fail to move in sync. One can make a higher high while the other does not or one can make a lower low while the other doesn’t. This indicates potential smart money involvement and signals a possible trend shift. What Is an Example of SMT Divergence? A common example is in forex, where EUR/USD forms a higher high, but GBP/USD does not. This divergence could suggest fading bullish momentum, signalling a possible reversal in EUR/USD. What Is the Strongest Divergence Indicator? While SMT divergence itself is powerful, traders often combine it with indicators like RSI or volume profiles for added confirmation. The strongest signals come from divergence paired with a broader market context. *Important: At FXOpen UK, Cryptocurrency trading via CFDs is only available to our Professional clients. They are not available for trading by Retail clients. To find out more information about how this may affect you, please get in touch with our team. This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.
Education
by FXOpen
1
Visa-Ripple Partnership Could Spark a Significan from Trenovia GThe financial world is undergoing a period of active transformation, and one of the most talked-about developments is the potential partnership between Visa and Ripple. According to a new analytical report by Trenovia Group, such a strategic collaboration could act as a catalyst for a substantial rise in Visa's stock value in the coming months. Key Growth Drivers Trenovia Group analysts emphasize that integrating Ripple’s technologies into Visa’s ecosystem would dramatically enhance the speed and reduce the cost of international transactions. RippleNet, built on blockchain technology, offers unique advantages: near-instant settlements, greater transparency, and lower fees compared to traditional interbank systems. Partnering with Ripple would provide Visa with a powerful technological upgrade, reinforcing its dominance in the payment solutions market, particularly in cross-border transfers. Expected Market Reaction According to Trenovia Group, even the announcement of such a partnership could trigger a strong positive reaction from investors. In an increasingly competitive payments landscape, adopting blockchain innovations would be seen as a forward-looking move, enhancing Visa’s market appeal. Technical analysis also points to favorable conditions: Visa shares are maintaining solid support around $260, and the formation of a "bullish flag" pattern suggests the potential for a breakout following positive news. Strategic Importance of the Alliance Trenovia Group highlights the long-term strategic benefits of this union. As digital currencies and decentralized payment systems gain traction, the integration of blockchain-based solutions would ensure Visa’s adaptability to evolving market and regulatory demands. Meanwhile, Ripple would gain access to Visa’s vast global client network, boosting its position as a leader in the corporate cross-border payments sector. Conclusion According to Trenovia Group’s forecast, the Visa-Ripple partnership could provide a powerful boost to Visa’s stock. Upon successful integration of RippleNet technologies, analysts project a 15–25% rise in Visa's share price within the first six months after the announcement. For investors, this could represent a rare opportunity to invest in the expansion of the world’s leading payment platform during a crucial phase of digital transformation.
CRYPTOCAP:XRPEducation
by HCN-News12
Geld Vision Investing with values ​​— how ESG is changing More and more people today not only want to earn money, but also want to know where their money is going and what impact it is having . They want to invest in projects that are not only profitable, but also responsible and sustainable. This is precisely where the ESG investing approach comes into play—a concept in which returns and responsibility go hand in hand. We explain in a simple and understandable way what ESG means, how it works and why this approach will become increasingly important in 2025. What does ESG mean? ESG stands for three central principles: E — Environmental: Climate protection, CO₂ emissions, resource conservation, waste prevention S — Social: fair working conditions, human rights, diversity and inclusion G — Governance: Transparency, anti-corruption, ethical leadership Companies with high ESG ratings try to act responsibly towards people, the environment and society. Why invest in ESG? ESG investing combines ethical values ​​with economic rationality. The benefits are obvious: Fewer risks. Companies with clear ESG policies are less likely to experience scandals or legal problems. Long-term stability. Sustainable companies are more resilient to crises and more future-oriented. Good reputation. Companies with strong values ​​gain trust from customers and partners. Political support. More and more countries are promoting sustainable economic activity. The platform allows users to specifically search for ESG-compliant companies and funds and track their development. ESG and returns – contradiction or win-win? A common misconception: Companies that operate sustainably earn less. In fact, the opposite is often true. Numerous studies show that ESG companies perform better in the long term because they: be managed more efficiently, respond better to crises, Attract investors and talent more strongly, be on the safe side from a regulatory perspective. Sustainability and profit are not mutually exclusive – they complement each other. How do I get started with ESG investing? Clarify your own values. What's important to you? The environment, fair working conditions, equality? Analyze companies. Many companies publish ESG reports that provide information about their goals and progress. ESG funds are reviewed. These funds pool audited companies with good ESG ratings. Review performance regularly. ESG is not a fad, but a long-term approach with measurable results. GeldVision offers tools that allow you to filter, analyze, and incorporate ESG data into your investment strategy. In which industries does ESG play a major role? Renewable energies — solar, wind, hydrogen Sustainable consumption — environmentally friendly packaging, recycling Technology and digitalization — inclusive and ethically managed companies Education and health — socially relevant sectors with great impact FinTech — Platforms that make investing more transparent and fairer The ESG approach can be applied across industries—it is not a trend, but a new way of thinking. Who relies on ESG? Young investors. Generation Z and Millennials value values. Large investment funds. ESG is an integral part of their strategy. Private investors. People who want to make a positive impact with their money. So ESG is no longer just for idealists — it has become mainstream . What does Money Vision offer? The platform helps users invest with a clear conscience. It offers: Access to ESG rankings and sustainability data Filters for targeted investment decisions Market analyses on green and social trends Support in building a balanced portfolio Whether you’re a beginner or a professional, Geld Vision makes sustainable investing easier and more transparent. ESG investing is more than just a trend. It's a new, future-oriented perspective on money, markets, and responsibility. You can invest today without betraying your values —and still achieve attractive returns. With the right knowledge, the right tools, and platforms like Geld Vision, sustainable investing becomes a true success model. Because investing responsibly means making profits while contributing to a better world.
BITSTAMP:BTCUSDEducation
by HCN-News12
The Most Overlooked Setup in Trading: Your Own Decision ProcessTrading psychology at its finest — where the real edge begins. Over time, I’ve realized that most traders obsess over systems, setups, and signals... but very few ever stop to ask: “How do I actually make decisions?”🧩 The truth is — every trade I take is a result of an internal process. Not just some rule from a strategy, but a sequence of thoughts, comparisons, and feelings I go through (sometimes without even realizing it). And when I mapped it out, it changed the way I approached the market. 🔄 Here’s what I found: 1.There’s always a trigger. Sometimes it’s a chart pattern. Other times, it’s a shift in sentiment or an alert I’ve set. But that moment when I *start* to consider entering — that’s the spark. Recognizing that moment is the first step. ⚡ 2.Then comes the operation phase. That’s when I begin scanning. I look for setups, patterns, confluences — not just at face value, but through the lens of my experience. I start running mental “what-if” simulations, visualizing what the trade could become. 🔍 3.The test phase is critical. This is where I mentally compare the current opportunity with past winners or losers. Does it “look right”? Does it “feel like” a good trade? That moment where a setup clicks isn’t just about indicators — it’s about internal alignment. 🧠 4.Exit isn’t just a price level — it’s a decision threshold. Knowing when to act (or not) often comes down to a shift in internal state. For me, it’s usually a combination of visual confirmation + a gut signal. When both align, I act. 🎯 📌 Why does this matter? Because most failed trades aren’t just “bad signals” — they’re *poorly made decisions*. If I don’t understand my internal process, I’m flying blind. But when I do, I can refine it, track it, and improve it. If you’ve never mapped out your decision-making strategy, do it. You’ll learn more about your trading than any indicator could ever teach you. 💡 👉 Keep following me for decision-making insights and real trading psychology facts — the stuff that actually moves the needle.
CRYPTOCAP:OTHERSEducation
by vagada
Dogecoin Daily Chart Analysis: A Fresh Start Ahead ?Hello friends, let's analyze Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency, from an Elliott Wave perspective. This study uses Elliott Wave theory and structures, involving multiple possibilities. The analysis focuses on one potential scenario and is for educational purposes only, not trading advice. We're observing the daily chart, and it appears we're nearing the end of Wave II, a correction. The red cycle degree Wave I ended around 2024 December's peak. Currently, we're nearing the end of red Wave II, which consists of black ((W)), ((X)), and ((Y)) waves. Black ((W)) and ((X)) are complete, and black ((Y)) is nearing its end. Within black ((Y)), we have Intermediate degree blue (W), (X), and (Y) waves. Blue (W) and (X) are complete, and blue (Y) is nearing its end. Inside blue (Y), red A and B are complete, and red C is nearing its end. Once red C completes, blue (Y) will end, Once blue (Y) completes, means black ((W)) will end that means higher degree cycle wave II in red will end. If our view remains correct, the invalidation level for this Elliott Wave count is 0.04913. If this level holds and doesn't touch below it, we can expect a significant reversal to unfold wave III towards new highs. This is an educational analysis, and I hope you've learned something by observing the chart and its texture. I am not Sebi registered analyst. My studies are for educational purpose only. Please Consult your financial advisor before trading or investing. I am not responsible for any kinds of your profits and your losses. Most investors treat trading as a hobby because they have a full-time job doing something else. However, If you treat trading like a business, it will pay you like a business. If you treat like a hobby, hobbies don't pay, they cost you...! Hope this post is helpful to community Thanks RK💕 Disclaimer and Risk Warning. The analysis and discussion provided on in.tradingview.com is intended for educational purposes only and should not be relied upon for trading decisions. RK_Charts is not an investment adviser and the information provided here should not be taken as professional investment advice. Before buying or selling any investments, securities, or precious metals, it is recommended that you conduct your own due diligence. RK_Charts does not share in your profits and will not take responsibility for any losses you may incur. So Please Consult your financial advisor before trading or investing.
Education
by RK_Chaarts
4
The Power of a Trading System with the Right Mental State 📅 April 3, 2025 Over the years, I’ve learned that discipline in trading isn’t just about having a system — it’s about being in the right state of mind to follow that system. 🧘‍♂️📈 You can have the cleanest rules, the best strategy, and solid backtests … but if your mindset is off, none of it matters. That’s when hesitation creeps in. Or worse — revenge trades, FOMO, or doubt. So I started focusing on one thing: my internal state before and during a trade. 🧭 🔄 How I Manage My Mindset ✅ 1. Pre-Trade Check-In Before I trade, I ask: How do I feel right now? If I’m not grounded, I don’t trade. Simple. I’ve learned the hard way that it’s not worth it. 🔥 2. Anchoring a Disciplined State I recall moments where I executed perfectly — calm, focused, in control. I mentally step into that version of myself before every session. 🧩 3. Staying Congruent During a trade, I pay attention to my behavior. If I notice myself drifting from my plan — I pause, breathe, and realign. 🎯 Why This Works A trading system gives structure. But structure means nothing without mental discipline. By mastering my emotional state, I stopped sabotaging my own edge. No more reacting from fear. No more chasing. Just clean, committed execution. 🧘‍♂️✅ 💬 Final Thought Consistency doesn’t come from the market — it comes from me. So now, before I look at the chart, I check in with myself first. Because when my state is right, my trading flows. ⚖️✨ If this resonates, drop your thoughts below — let’s grow together.
CRYPTOCAP:OTHERSEducation
by vagada
A Closer Look at Bitcoin's Elliot Wave PatternHello friends, today we'll attempt to analyze the Bitcoin chart using Elliot Waves. Our approach will involve using Elliot Wave theory and structures, which involve multiple possibilities. The analysis we present here focuses on one potential scenario that seems possible to us. Please note that this information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered trading advice or investment tips. There's a risk of being completely wrong, so never trade based solely on this post. We're not responsible for any profits or losses. Individuals should consult a financial advisor before making any trading or investment decisions. Now, let's discuss the Bitcoin chart. On the daily chart, we can see that a black primary degree wave has completed its ((4th)) wave, and the ((5th)) wave has started. Within the fifth wave, an intermediate degree wave is unfolding, which will have its own set of waves (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). The primary black degree wave five will be complete once the intermediate degree wave is finished. We've drawn accounts on the chart, illustrating the entire structure, including the nearest invalidation level at around $76,666 and the real invalidation level below $50,000. I hope this analysis based on Elliot Wave theory has helped you understand the chart better and learn something new. Please keep in mind that this is for educational purposes only. I am not Sebi registered analyst. My studies are for educational purpose only. Please Consult your financial advisor before trading or investing. I am not responsible for any kinds of your profits and your losses. Most investors treat trading as a hobby because they have a full-time job doing something else. However, If you treat trading like a business, it will pay you like a business. If you treat like a hobby, hobbies don't pay, they cost you...! Hope this post is helpful to community Thanks RK💕 Disclaimer and Risk Warning. The analysis and discussion provided on in.tradingview.com is intended for educational purposes only and should not be relied upon for trading decisions. RK_Charts is not an investment adviser and the information provided here should not be taken as professional investment advice. Before buying or selling any investments, securities, or precious metals, it is recommended that you conduct your own due diligence. RK_Charts does not share in your profits and will not take responsibility for any losses you may incur. So Please Consult your financial advisor before trading or investing.
BITSTAMP:BTCUSDEducation
by RK_Chaarts
22
Mastering Compulsiveness: Volatile Coins Like TRUMP Are a Trap My Take on Dealing with Compulsiveness in Trading: Lessons with TRUMPUSDT.P Estimated Reading Time: Approximately 5 minutes I chose to focus on TRUMPUSDT.P for this idea because its extreme volatility makes it a perfect example of how compulsive trading can spiral out of control. TRUMPUSDT.P, a perpetual futures contract tied to the TRUMP token, often swings 20-30% in a day, driven by political news and social media hype, which can easily tempt traders into impulsive decisions and overtrading. After years of trading and studying trading psychology, I’ve learned how dangerous compulsiveness can be in the markets. I used to think being a good trader meant always being in the game, but I’ve seen how that mindset can lead to disaster. Compulsiveness is when you’re driven by the need to act—chasing the thrill of trading instead of focusing on steady profits. It’s a trap that can lead to overtrading, emotional exhaustion, and serious financial losses, not to mention the strain it puts on your life outside of trading. From my experience, compulsiveness often unfolds in three stages. First, you get a taste of winning, and it makes you feel unstoppable, so you keep pushing for more action. Then, when losses start piling up, you enter a losing phase where you trade recklessly to get back what you lost. Before you know it, you’re in a desperation phase, completely consumed by the need to recover, which often leads to even bigger losses. I’ve been through this cycle myself, and it’s a tough one to break. One thing that really helped me was learning how to spot compulsive behavior. I came across a set of questions from Gambler’s Anonymous that can help you figure out if you’re showing signs of compulsiveness—like feeling the urge to trade after a loss or letting trading take over other parts of your life. It’s a simple way to check in with yourself and see if you’re heading down a risky path. Over time, I’ve picked up some strategies to keep compulsiveness in check and build better discipline. The biggest one is to only trade when I have a clear, logical reason—like a price reaching a key support or resistance level on the daily chart of TRUMPUSDT.P—otherwise, I stay out of the market, no matter how much I feel the itch to jump in. I’ve also learned to pay attention to my emotional state and recognize when I’m trading out of impulse rather than focus. Shifting my mindset to care more about the process of trading well, rather than the excitement of being in a trade, has made a huge difference. I make sure to take breaks when I feel the urge to overtrade, set strict limits on how much I’m willing to risk, and always take time to reflect on why I’m making a trade in the first place. What I’ve come to understand is that trading isn’t about constant action—it’s about mastering your mind. Compulsiveness can ruin your trading if you let it take over, especially with a volatile ticker like TRUMPUSDT.P, but with self-awareness and discipline, you can get past it. For me, it’s all about trading with intention, keeping my emotions in check, and focusing on long-term consistency instead of short-term thrills. If you found this helpful, keep following me for more educational materials on the psychology of trading. I’ll be sharing more insights and strategies to help you master your mindset and become a more disciplined trader.
Education
by vagada
2
USDT dominance. (USDC is similar). 03 2025Time frame 1 week. Crypto market dominance to % USDT. I showed this for the first time on 03 2022, nothing has changed since then, everything is the same and the logic is identical. USDT dominance. USDT pumping indicator to the market 03 2022 USDT dominance. Indicator of USDT pumping to and from the market 05 2022 ✔️Stablecoin dominance is falling — the market is growing. ✔️Stablecoin dominance is growing — the market is falling. It cannot be otherwise (capital movement), until the time when ETFs with the US dollar are not massively introduced and popular, they will draw some of the liquidity to themselves. Which will slightly change the logic of this trend itself. Comparable, in terms of impact on the market, as before the introduction of trading pairs to alts/USDT instead of BTC/alts (everyone was like that). Until then, USDT was needed. You need to understand that the main " transitional dollar for the people ", that is, USDT , - reflects the trend of all stablecoins. In particular, the main "competitor" - USDC, all the others (a temporary phenomenon) do not matter. Until USDT exists and can be used to track the direction of the money flow, that is, the direction of the cryptocurrency market. In 2022 09, I also showed this game of liquidity flow into ideas with the combined dominance of USDC + USDT + BTC chart. But this is already a complication, everything is already visible and clear on the dominance of USDT. Domination of USDT + USDC and lows/maxims of BTC. Correlation 2022 09 Remember, any stablecoin is an alt. The experience with UST (Moon Falling into an Urn) has taught many not to equate stablecoins to a real dollar. The price stability of any stablecoin depends only on people's faith in its stability. This faith is projected by marketing activity, and first of all by the real capital that stands behind the creators. Everything conceived and implemented has a beginning and an end. Bitcoin dominance to alts. I will duplicate my latest idea on Bitcoin dominance here once again. I used it before (it was rational), before 2020 (I used to make a lot of ideas about local zones as triggers for market reversals). Now it doesn't do much. But I see people are fixated on this, not understanding the essence, and why it was so effective before and childishly clear when the market would be reversed (there were no pairs to USDT, but only alts to BTC). Before 2018 (100% efficiency), before 2020 (partial), the dominance of Bitcoin to other alts was such an indicator of the pump/dump of the market. As it was the main direction of money flow. Almost all alts were traded only to Bitcoin. Доминация BTC к альткоинам. Доминация стейблкоинов и памп рынка. 07 2022 Have a plan and understand what you are doing, observing money and risk management. As a result, you will be calm and satisfied with your profit from the market, if you are an adequate person. Alt dominance. And this is the idea of ​​training/work (understanding the reversal zones of the crypto market of secondary trends) in 2023 on alts. That is, the dominance of alts without stablecoins, bitcoin and ether, which take away most of the market capitalization as a whole. The dominance is growing, naturally money is pouring into alta and vice versa. There are also similar ideas (look for publications in 2023) for certain groups of assets. That is, the point is to catch the hype, by groups of candy wrappers or, on the contrary, the threshold of stopping the flow of money into another hype. BTC dominance to altcoins. Dominance of stablecoins and market pump . 07 2022 Without pain, there is no way for someone to gain benefits in the speculative market. Who will experience pain and who will gain benefits depends only on the qualities of the person who decided to engage in trading. That is, the totality of his positive/negative qualities that project his actions in the market. Everything is extremely simple and honest. Dollar Index. There are a series of interrelated ideas (three, detailed explanation), about the dollar index, that is, the larger cyclicality of the markets in general, and the crypto market as a small projection. Also, all publications of 2022-2023. DXY Dollar Index USA. Recession and Pump/Dump Market Indicator 09 2022 DXY (Dollar Index) and Pump/Dump BTC. Market Cycles . 09 2022
CRYPTOCAP:USDT.DEducation
by SpartaBTC
6
How to pick a benchmark for you portfolio and beat the market What is a benchmark? A benchmark is an index or a basket of assets used to evaluate the performance of an investment portfolio In the context of portfolio analysis the benchmark serves as a point of comparison to determine whether a fund a strategy or an investment is performing better worse or in line with the reference market. In the current chart, Bitcoin ( BINANCE:BTCUSDT ) is displayed with a solid and larger blue line in relation to other cryptocurrencies for the current period. Benchmarks are essential tools for institutional and private investors as they allow measuring the effectiveness of asset allocation choices and risk management Additionally they help determine the added value of an active manager compared to a passive market replication strategy. Benchmark analysis example: NASDAQ:TSLA - NASDAQ:NDX Benchmark analysis example: NASDAQ:TSLA - NASDAQ:AAPL - NASDAQ:NDX What is the purpose of a benchmark The use of a benchmark in portfolio analysis has several objectives 1) Performance Evaluation: Provides a parameter to compare the portfolio's return against the market or other funds 2) Risk Analysis: Allows comparing the volatility of the portfolio against that of the benchmark offering a measure of risk management 3) Performance Attribution: Helps distinguish between returns derived from asset selection and those linked to market factors 4) Expectation Management: Supports investors and managers in assessing whether a portfolio is meeting expected return objectives 5) Strategy Control: If a portfolio deviates excessively from the benchmark it may signal the need to review the investment strategy How to select an appropriate benchmark? The choice of the correct benchmark depends on several factors: 1) Consistency with Portfolio Objective: The benchmark should reflect the market or sector in which the portfolio operates 2) Representativeness of Portfolio Assets: The benchmark should have a composition similar to that of the portfolio to ensure a fair comparison 3) Transparency and Data Availability: It must be easily accessible and calculated with clear and public methodologies 4) Stability Over Time: A good benchmark should not be subject to frequent modifications to ensure reliable historical comparison 5) Compatible Risk and Return: The benchmark should have a risk and return profile similar to that of the portfolio Most used benchmarks There are different benchmarks based on asset type and reference market Here are some of the most common. Equity FRED:SP500 Representative index of the 500 largest US companies. NYSE:MSCI World Includes companies from various developed countries ideal for global strategies FTSE:FTSEMIB Benchmark for the Italian stock market NASDAQ:NDX Represents the largest technology and growth companies Bonds Barclays Global Aggregate Bond Index Broad benchmark for the global bond market JP Morgan Emerging Market Bond Index EMBI Benchmark for emerging market debt [* ]BofA Merrill Lynch US High Yield Index Representative of the high-yield bond market junk bonds Mixed or Balanced 6040 Portfolio Benchmark 60 equities SP 500 and 40 bonds Bloomberg US Aggregate used to evaluate balanced portfolios Morningstar Moderate Allocation Index Suitable for moderate-risk investment strategies Alternative HFRI Fund Weighted Composite Index Benchmark for hedge funds Goldman Sachs Commodity Index GSCI Used for commodity-related strategies Bitcoin Index CoinDesk BPI Benchmark for cryptocurrencies A reference benchmark is essential in portfolio analysis to measure performance manage risk and evaluate investment strategies The selection of an appropriate benchmark must be consistent with the strategy and market of the portfolio to ensure meaningful comparison. Understanding and correctly selecting the benchmark allows investors to optimize their decisions and improve long-term results.
Education
by thequantscience
6
Is Liquidity Zones The Hidden Battleground of Smart Money In every market move, liquidity zones are the battlefields between buyers and sellers. Understanding these zones is crucial for spotting reversals and breakouts before they happen. What Are Liquidity Zones? High Liquidity Areas, Where large orders are placed, typically around key support/resistance or round numbers. Low Liquidity Areas. Where price moves quickly due to fewer orders, often creating price imbalances. Why Liquidity Matters Smart money (institutions) seeks liquidity to execute large orders without massive slippage. Their footprints appear as wicks, sudden volume spikes, or rapid price reversals. Spotting Liquidity Traps False Breakouts, Price pierces a key level, triggers stop losses, and reverses quickly. Stop Hunts, Sudden price spikes beyond a key level, only to return inside the range. rading Strategy Example 1. Use volume profile or heat maps to spot high-interest price areas. 2. Wait for Reaction, Enter only after confirmation (e.g., a sharp wick or order flow shift). 3.Risk Management, Place stops beyond liquidity zones to avoid getting trapped. Master liquidity zones, and you'll start seeing the market through the eyes of institutional players.
CME_MINI:NQ1!Education
by wolfchemist
Business CycleAll the credits to Ostium labs insights. Found here Intuition behind different indicators NFCI - NATIONAL FINANCIAL CONDITIONS INDEX Note y axis is inverted. Rising NFCI here suggests loosening of financial conditions. Btc outperform in loose conditions. DRTSCILM - NET % OF BANKS TIGHTENING LENDING STANDARDS Note y axis is inverted. This tracks changes in the willingness of banks to lend, where tightening lending standards is indicative of caution, whereas looser lending standards suggest economic confidence. Here the graph is inverted - a rise shows improving willingness to lend and a fall shows tighter lending standards. HYG Real time proxy for demand of junk bonds which is a good proxy for risk appetite in the market. Demand for junk bonds is correlated with the rest of the risk curve, with Bitcoin tending to outperform during periods of strength for HYG, and vice-versa. BAMLH0A0HYM2 - HY ICE CREDIT SPREADS Note y axis is inverted. This measures the premium demanded by investors over government bonds. As one would imagine, wider credit spreads mean that more yield is being demanded to invest in junk bonds vs safe bonds, which itself is suggestive of risk in the economy. Narrow spreads, meanwhile, are indicative of confidence. The graph is inverted such that the peaks are the tightest spread. If credit spreads are narrow, risk appetite is high, which means assets further out the risk curve benefit. This is also suggestive of expansion vs contraction in the business cycle, where widening spreads would be suggestive of downturn and narrowing spreads of continued growth. USMNO/USNMNO - US MANUFACTURING ORDERS / NON-MANUFACTURING ORDERS Manufacturing New Orders growing faster than Non-Manufacturing New Orders is generally indicative of early recovery in a business cycle, whereas late cycle dynamics are more heavily weighted towards services, largely driven by consumer spending and therefore this ratio would begin to contract, as Non-Manufacturing New Orders dominate. USBC0I - US PMI A composite of the Manufacturing and Services sectors in the US economy. Above 50 = expansion and below 50 = contraction. T10YIE - 10-YEAR INFLATION BREAKEVENS A market-based measure of average expected inflation over the next 10 years. Bitcoin likes it very much when the average expected inflation rate has bottomed and is trending higher and it generally underperforms when 10-year inflation breakevens are declining. Bitcoin also tends to front-run peaks in 10-year inflation breakevens by about 6-9 months, which in turn tend to peak after Global M2 YoY growth has peaked and is turning lower. This measure also is useful for understanding what is likely to happen to financial conditions - tighter after peaks and looser after bottoms. The clearest correlation here is not to the downside but the upside: when breakevens have bottomed out and cycle higher, Bitcoin tends to do very well indeed. DFII10 - 10-YEAR REAL YIELD Note y axis is inverted What is interesting here is that whilst there is not a strong correlation as real yields rise, there is a clearer correlation as real yields fall. Falling real yields tend to be supportive of Bitcoin, whilst rising real yields have occurred whilst BTC has outperformed and underperformed historically. This one is not as key for mapping out the market cycle, but still worth keeping an eye on.
BITSTAMP:BTCUSDEducation
by Oxfirefist
1
10 Technical Indicators Every Trader Uses for Trading10 Technical Indicators Every Trader Uses for Trading Technical analysis indicators are essential tools for traders to analyse every aspect of market movements, including market trends, momentum, volume, and volatility. This article explores ten key technical indicators you could add to your toolkit. Read detailing definitions, uses, and the signals they provide to potentially enhance trading strategies. To get started with these indicators, head over to FXOpen. Ichimoku Cloud The Ichimoku Cloud, also known as Ichimoku Kinko Hyo, is a comprehensive technical analysis tool designed to provide a clear picture of market trends, momentum, and support and resistance levels. Considered one of the best stock market indicators, this Japanese tool is widely used for its ability to offer a panoramic view of the market. Definition The Ichimoku Cloud comprises five main components: - Tenkan-sen (Conversion Line): The average of the highest high and the lowest low over the past 9 periods. - Kijun-sen (Base Line): The average of the highest high and the lowest low over the past 26 periods. - Senkou Span A (Leading Span A): The average of the Tenkan-sen/Conversion Line and Kijun-sen/Base Line, offset by 26 periods ahead. - Senkou Span B (Leading Span B): The average of the highest high and lowest low over the past 52 periods, plotted 26 periods ahead. - Chikou Span (Lagging Span): The most recent closing price positioned 26 periods behind. These components create the "Kumo" or cloud, which projects future support and resistance levels. Signals 1. TK Cross: - Bullish Signal: Tenkan-sen crosses above Kijun-sen above the Kumo. - Bearish Signal: Tenkan-sen crosses below Kijun-sen below the Kumo. 2. Kumo Breakout: - Bullish Signal: Price breaks above the Kumo. - Bearish Signal: Price breaks below the Kumo. 3. Chikou Span Confirmation: - Bullish Signal: Chikou Span is above the price and Kumo. - Bearish Signal: Chikou Span is below the price and Kumo. 4. Kumo Twist: - Indicates a potential trend reversal when the cloud changes colour (from red to green for bullish, green to red for bearish). For cryptocurrency* trading, the standard settings (9, 26, 52) are often adjusted to 20, 60, 120 to accommodate the 24/7 trading cycle. More details on using Ichimoku in crypto* markets can be found on the FXOpen dedicated page​. Fibonacci Retracements Fibonacci retracements are a technical tool that helps traders identify potential areas of support and resistance in a given market. This method is based on the Fibonacci sequence, a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. In trading, key Fibonacci levels are 38.2%, 50%, and 61.8%, which are used to analyse potential reversal points. Definition Fibonacci retracements are widely used stock chart indicators that help traders determine where the price might reverse during a correction in a prevailing trend. The tool involves plotting horizontal lines at these key levels, calculated from a significant high to a significant low when the price corrects after a strong downward movement or from a significant low to a significant high when the price corrects after a strong upward movement. Signals 1. Support and Resistance Levels: - 38.2%, 50%, and 61.8% Levels: These are the primary retracement levels where the price is likely to reverse. 2. Trend Identification: - Uptrend: Place the tool from a swing low to a swing high. - Downtrend: Place the tool from a swing high to a swing low. 3. Trade Setup: - Entry Points: Traders often look for the price to reach and react at these levels before entering a trade. - Stop Loss: Typically set just beyond the nearest Fibonacci level the price targets. - Take Profit: Targets are often placed at the next Fibonacci level. For cryptocurrency* trading, settings may vary. We provide a detailed explanation on using Fibonacci retracements in crypto markets with adjustments to fit this unique trading environment​. Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) The Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) is a technical indicator that provides the average price an asset has traded at throughout a particular period (usually one day), weighted by volume. It offers a more comprehensive view than simple moving averages by incorporating both price and volume data and is considered one of the best intraday trading indicators. Calculation VWAP is calculated using the formula: - VWAP = Sum(Typical Price * Volume) / SumVolume, where Typical Price is the average of the high, low, and close prices for each period. Signals 1. Assessing Fair Value: A price above VWAP indicates overvaluation, while a price below suggests undervaluation. 2. Market Sentiment and Trends: - Bullish Trend: Price above VWAP. - Bearish Trend: Price below VWAP. 3. Support and Resistance Levels: - Support: VWAP acts as support in a bullish market. - Resistance: VWAP acts as resistance in a bearish market. 4. Entry Quality: - Entry near VWAP suggests buying or selling at a reasonable market value. For cryptocurrency* trading, the VWAP settings remain similar to traditional markets, but the tool's application may vary due to the 24/7 nature of crypto* trading. Check out FXOpen’s page on how to use VWAP in crypto markets for more information. Accumulation/Distribution Indicator (A/D) The Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) indicator is a volume-based tool that assesses the cumulative flow of money into and out of an asset. It’s widely used as an indicator for day trading. It helps traders determine the underlying buying and selling pressure, making it one of the valuable forex and stock indicators for analysing potential price trends and reversals. Calculation The A/D indicator calculates the Money Flow Multiplier (MFM), which ranges from -1 to 1 based on the closing price's position within the period’s high-low range. If the closing price is in the upper half, the MFM is positive; if in the lower half, it is negative. This multiplier is then multiplied by the period’s volume to get the Money Flow Volume (MFV). The A/D line represents the cumulative sum of these MFVs over time, reflecting net volume flow. Signals Identifying Reversals: - Bullish Divergence: Price makes lower lows while the A/D line makes higher lows, indicating waning selling pressure and a potential price increase. - Bearish Divergence: Price makes higher highs while the A/D line makes lower highs, suggesting decreasing buying pressure and a possible price decline. Trend Confirmation: - Uptrend: Both price and A/D line rise, indicating sustained buying pressure. - Downtrend: Both price and A/D line fall, showing continuous selling pressure. Trading Breakouts: - The A/D indicator can confirm breakouts beyond support or resistance levels. A breakout in price aligned with a similar movement in the A/D line signals the start of a new trend. Average True Range (ATR) The Average True Range (ATR) is a technical tool used to measure market volatility. It reflects the degree of price movement over a specified period, helping traders understand the level of volatility in an asset. Calculation ATR calculation includes several steps. Find more details in our article. Signals ATR does not indicate the price direction but rather the degree of price movement. Traders use ATR to make informed decisions about stop-loss levels and to gauge the potential for market moves. It’s one of the popular day trading indicators. 1. Volatility Measurement: - A high ATR value indicates high volatility, while a low ATR suggests low volatility. This helps traders adjust their strategies based on market conditions. 2. Setting Stop-Loss Levels: - Traders often set stop-loss orders at a multiple of the ATR value. For instance, a stop loss might be placed at twice the ATR below the entry price in a long position to account for volatility and reduce the risk of being stopped out prematurely. 3. Identifying Potential Breakouts: - Sudden increases in ATR values can indicate the start of a new trend or a significant price move, alerting traders to potential trading opportunities. Donchian Channel Indicator The Donchian Channel is a technical analysis tool designed to identify volatility, market trends, price reversals, and potential breakout points. It consists of three lines based on the highest high and lowest low over a specified period, typically 20 periods. Definition - Upper Boundary: The highest high over N periods. - Lower Boundary: The lowest low over N periods. - Middle Line: The average of the upper and lower boundaries. These lines help traders determine market volatility and identify potential buy and sell signals based on price movements. Signals 1. Tracking Volatility: - Widening Channel: Indicates high volatility. - Narrowing Channel: Indicates low volatility. 2. Identifying Trends: - Bullish Trend: The upper boundary rises while the lower boundary stays flat. - Bearish Trend: The lower boundary falls while the upper boundary stays flat. 3. Trading Breakouts: - Above Middle Line: Potential bullish signal. - Below Middle Line: Potential bearish signal. 4. Trading Reversals: - In range-bound markets, the upper boundary acts as resistance and the lower boundary as support, guiding traders to close or open positions accordingly. Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) is a volume-weighted average indicator measuring the buying and selling pressure on an asset over a specific period, typically 20 or 21 periods. It combines price and volume data to provide insights into market sentiment and potential price movements, making it one of the key forex and stock market technical indicators. Calculation The CMF calculation involves three main steps: - Money Flow Multiplier (MFM): (Close - Low) - (High - Close) / High - Low. This value ranges from -1 to 1 and is positive when the closing price is in the upper half of the period's range and negative when in the lower half. - Money Flow Volume (MFV): Calculated by multiplying the MFM by the period's volume. - CMF Value: The sum of MFVs over the period divided by the sum of volumes over the same period. The resulting CMF values fluctuate between -1 and +1, providing a visual representation of money flow into and out of the asset. Signals 1. Trend Strength: - Positive CMF: Indicates buying pressure, suggesting a bullish trend. - Negative CMF: Indicates selling pressure, suggesting a bearish trend. 2. Trend Reversal: - Bullish Divergence: Occurs when the price makes lower lows, but the CMF makes higher lows, indicating a potential reversal to the upside. - Bearish Divergence: Occurs when the price makes higher highs, but the CMF makes lower highs, indicating a potential reversal to the downside. 3. Breakout Confirmation: - A breakout in price above/below a key level accompanied by a breakout in the CMF value above/below previous highs/lows can confirm the strength of the move. Average Directional Movement Index (ADX) The Average Directional Movement Index (ADX) is an indicator traders apply on a chart to measure the strength of a trend. It is particularly useful for traders who want to determine whether a market is trending or ranging. Definition The ADX consists of a single line that fluctuates between 0 and 100. It does not indicate the direction of the trend but rather its strength. The standard ADX setting is a 14-period, but this can be adjusted to suit different trading styles. - 0-25: Indicates a weak or non-existent trend. - 25-50: Signals a strong trend. - 50-75: Suggests a very strong trend. - 75-100: Reflects an extremely strong trend. Signals 1. Trend Strength: - A rising ADX value above 25 indicates a strengthening trend, regardless of whether it is bullish or bearish. - A falling ADX below 25 suggests a weakening trend or a ranging market. 2. Trend Momentum: - When ADX peaks and starts to decline, it can signal a potential weakening of the current trend, indicating that traders might consider closing or reducing positions. Combining ADX with DI Lines The ADX is often used in conjunction with the Positive Directional Indicator (+DI) and Negative Directional Indicator (-DI) lines: - +DI > -DI: Suggests a bullish trend. - -DI > +DI: Indicates a bearish trend. A rising ADX alongside these signals confirms the strength of the current trend. Traders use this indicator to enter trades. For this, they look for ADX to rise above 25 to confirm the beginning of a strong trend before entering trades in the direction of the trend indicated by the +DI and -DI lines. Commodity Channel Index (CCI) The Commodity Channel Index (CCI) is a momentum-based indicator that measures the deviation of an asset's price from its historical average. It helps traders identify potential overbought or oversold conditions, trend reversals, and divergence signals. Calculation - CCI is calculated using the formula: CCI = (Typical Price − SMA) / 0.015 * Mean Deviation, where: - Typical Price = (High + Low + Close) / 3 - SMA = Simple Moving Average of the Typical Price - Mean Deviation = Average of the absolute differences between the Typical Price and its SMA The constant 0.015 normalises the CCI values, ensuring that approximately 70-80% of the values fall between -100 and +100. Signals 1. Overbought and Oversold Conditions: - Above +100: Indicates the asset is overbought, suggesting a potential price pullback or a downward reversal. - Below -100: Indicates the asset is oversold, suggesting a potential pullback or an upward reversal. 2. Trend Reversals: - Bullish Divergence: When the market is making lower lows while the CCI makes higher lows, potentially preceding a bullish reversal. - Bearish Divergence: When the market is making higher highs while the CCI makes lower highs, potentially preceding a bullish reversal. 3. Trade Entries: - Traders consider entering long positions when CCI breaks above -100 from below. - Conversely, traders might enter short positions when CCI moves below +100 from above. Keltner Channel The Keltner Channel is a popular technical analysis tool used to determine market trends, price volatility, and potential reversal points. It consists of three lines: an exponential moving average (EMA) in the middle, and upper and lower bands calculated by adding and subtracting a multiple of the Average True Range (ATR) to the EMA. Definition The standard settings for Keltner Channels typically use a 20-period EMA and an ATR multiplier of 2. These settings can be adjusted to suit different trading styles and timeframes, making Keltner Channels effective technical indicators for day trading. The EMA provides a smoothed average price, while the ATR measures volatility. The bands expand and contract based on market volatility, creating a channel around the price. Signals 1. Trend Identification: - Upward-Sloping Channel: Indicates a bullish trend. - Downward-Sloping Channel: Indicates a bearish trend. - Flat Channel: Suggests a ranging market. 2. Dynamic Support and Resistance: - The upper and lower bands of the Channels serve as dynamic levels of support and resistance. Price action within these bands can help traders identify potential entry and exit points. 3. Breakout Signals: - Bullish Breakout: Price closing above the upper band. - Bearish Breakout: Price closing below the lower band. The Bottom Line These ten technical indicators could be added to your toolkit to potentially enhance your trading strategies. By understanding their signals and applications, traders can better navigate the worlds of forex, stocks, commodities, and cryptocurrencies*. Open an FXOpen account today to access advanced trading tools and start implementing these indicators in live markets. FAQs Which Types of Trading Indicators Are Common to Use? 4 common types of technical indicators include trend (Moving Averages, ADX), momentum (RSI, Stochastic Oscillator), volume (On-Balance Volume, VWAP), and volatility (Bollinger Bands, ATR) indicators. These help traders analyse trends, momentum, volume, and volatility​. How Many Indicators Should a Trader Use? Traders often use 2-3 indicators to avoid overcomplication and conflicting signals. Combining different types of indicators can provide a more comprehensive analysis​. Why Do Indicators Fail? Indicators can fail due to market volatility, news events, and their inherent lag. They may also produce false signals in choppy markets. Combining indicators with risk management can potentially improve reliability. Is It Better to Trade Without Indicators? Trading without indicators, known as price action trading, can be effective for experienced traders. However, using a few indicators can provide valuable insights and confirm price movements for most traders​. Trade on TradingView with FXOpen. Consider opening an account and access over 700 markets with tight spreads from 0.0 pips and low commissions from $1.50 per lot. *At FXOpen UK, Cryptocurrency CFDs are only available for trading by those clients categorised as Professional clients under FCA Rules. They are not available for trading by Retail clients. This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.
Education
by FXOpen
1